Makampani a Battery aku Europe: Zaka Khumi Zochepa ndi Njira Yotsitsimutsa

"Galimotoyo idapangidwa ku Europe, ndipo ndikukhulupirira kuti iyenera kusinthidwa kuno." - Mawu awa ochokera kwa Maroš Šefčovič, wandale waku Slovakia komanso Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa European Commission omwe amayang'anira bungwe la Energy Union, akuwonetsa malingaliro ofunikira pazantchito zamafakitale ku Europe.

Ngati mabatire aku Europe apeza utsogoleri wapadziko lonse lapansi, dzina la Šefčovič mosakayikira likhala lodziwika bwino m'mbiri. Adatsogolera kukhazikitsidwa kwa European Battery Alliance (EBA), kuyambitsanso kukonzanso gawo la batri lamagetsi ku Europe.

Mu 2017, pamsonkhano ku Brussels wokhudza chitukuko cha batri, Šefčovič adaganiza zopanga EBA, kusuntha komwe kunalimbikitsa mphamvu zonse za EU ndi kutsimikiza mtima.

"Chifukwa chiyani 2017 inali yofunika kwambiri? N'chifukwa chiyani kukhazikitsa EBA kunali kofunika kwambiri kwa EU?" Yankho liri mu chiganizo choyambirira cha nkhaniyi: Europe sikufuna kutaya msika "wopindulitsa" wamagalimoto atsopano.

Mu 2017, mabatire atatu akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi anali BYD, Panasonic ochokera ku Japan, ndi CATL ochokera ku China - makampani onse aku Asia. Kupsyinjika kwakukulu kwa opanga ku Asia kunachoka ku Ulaya akukumana ndi vuto lalikulu mu makampani a batri, popanda chilichonse chodziwonetsera chokha.

Makampani opanga magalimoto, omwe adabadwira ku Europe, anali panthawi yomwe kusachitapo kanthu kudapangitsa kuti misewu yapadziko lonse ikhale yoyendetsedwa ndi magalimoto osalumikizidwa ku Europe.

Vutoli linali lovuta kwambiri poganizira za upainiya wa ku Europe pamakampani opanga magalimoto. Komabe, derali linadzipeza lotsalira kwambiri pakupanga ndi kupanga mabatire amphamvu.

Kuopsa kwa Vutoli

Mu 2008, pamene lingaliro la mphamvu zatsopano linayamba kuonekera, ndipo chakumapeto kwa 2014, pamene magalimoto amphamvu atsopano anayamba "kuphulika" kwawo koyambirira, ku Ulaya kunalibe komweko.

Pofika chaka cha 2015, kutsogola kwamakampani aku China, Japan, ndi Korea pamsika wapadziko lonse wa batri yamagetsi kudawonekera. Pofika chaka cha 2016, makampani aku Asia awa adatenga malo khumi apamwamba pamabizinesi amagetsi padziko lonse lapansi.

Pofika chaka cha 2022, malinga ndi kampani yaku South Korea yofufuza zamsika ya SNE Research, makampani asanu ndi limodzi mwa makampani khumi apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi anali ochokera ku China, omwe ali ndi 60.4% ya msika wapadziko lonse lapansi. Mabizinesi aku South Korea a batri yamagetsi a LG New Energy, SK On, ndi Samsung SDI adachita 23.7%, pomwe Panasonic waku Japan ali pachinayi pa 7.3%.

M'miyezi isanu ndi inayi yoyambirira ya 2023, makampani khumi apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi oyika mabatire amphamvu padziko lonse lapansi anali olamulidwa ndi China, Japan, ndi Korea, popanda makampani aku Europe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kupitilira 90% ya msika wamagetsi wamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi adagawidwa m'maiko atatuwa aku Asia.

Europe idayenera kuvomereza kuchepa kwake pakufufuza ndi kupanga batri yamphamvu, gawo lomwe lidatsogolerapo kale.

Kugwa Pang'onopang'ono Kumbuyo

Zatsopano komanso zopambana muukadaulo wa batri ya lithiamu nthawi zambiri zidachokera ku mayunivesite aku Western ndi mabungwe ofufuza. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 20, mayiko a Kumadzulo adatsogolera ntchito yoyamba yofufuza ndi kupititsa patsogolo magalimoto amagetsi atsopano.

Europe inali m'gulu la oyamba kufufuza mfundo zamagalimoto osagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu komanso osatulutsa mpweya wochepa, ndikuyambitsa miyezo yotulutsa mpweya wa kaboni m'magalimoto kuyambira 1998.

Ngakhale kuti dziko la Ulaya linali patsogolo pa nkhani za mphamvu zatsopano za magetsi, mayiko a ku Ulaya anatsala pang’ono kutha m’mafakitale a mabatire a magetsi, omwe tsopano akulamuliridwa ndi China, Japan, ndi Korea. Funso limadzuka: chifukwa chiyani Europe idatsalira m'makampani a batri a lithiamu, ngakhale kuti ali ndi luso laukadaulo komanso likulu?

Mwayi Wotayika

Asanafike 2007, opanga magalimoto aku Western sanavomereze luso ndi malonda a magalimoto amagetsi a lithiamu-ion. Opanga ku Europe, motsogozedwa ndi Germany, amayang'ana kwambiri kukhathamiritsa kwa injini zoyatsira zamkati, monga ma injini a dizilo abwino komanso ukadaulo wa turbocharging.

Kudalira kopitilira muyeso panjira yamagalimoto amafuta kunapangitsa ku Europe kutsata njira yolakwika yaukadaulo, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale kusapezeka kwa batire yamagetsi.

Market and Innovation Dynamics

Ndi 2008, pamene boma la US anasamutsa njira yake yatsopano mphamvu galimoto magetsi kuchokera haidrojeni ndi mafuta maselo kuti lithiamu-ion mabatire, ndi EU, motengera kusuntha uku, komanso umboni kuwonjezeka ndalama mu lifiyamu batire zipangizo kupanga ndi kupanga selo. Komabe, mabizinesi ambiri otere, kuphatikiza mgwirizano pakati pa Bosch waku Germany ndi Samsung SDI yaku South Korea, adalephera.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mayiko akum’maŵa kwa Asia monga China, Japan, ndi Korea anali kukulitsa mofulumira mafakitale awo a batri yamagetsi. Panasonic, mwachitsanzo, yakhala ikuyang'ana mabatire a lithiamu-ion pamagalimoto amagetsi kuyambira m'ma 1990, kugwirizanitsa ndi Tesla ndikukhala wosewera wamkulu pamsika.

Zovuta Zamakono Zaku Europe

Masiku ano, makampani opanga mabatire aku Europe akukumana ndi zovuta zingapo, kuphatikiza kusowa kwazinthu zopangira. Malamulo okhwima a chilengedwe a kontinenti amaletsa migodi ya lithiamu, ndipo zinthu za lithiamu ndizochepa. Chifukwa chake, Europe idatsala pang'ono kupeza ufulu wamigodi kumayiko akunja poyerekeza ndi anzawo aku Asia.

Mpikisano Wopeza

Ngakhale kuti makampani aku Asia akuchulukirachulukira pamsika wa batri wapadziko lonse lapansi, Europe ikuchita zoyeserera kukonzanso makampani ake a batri. European Battery Alliance (EBA) idakhazikitsidwa kuti ilimbikitse kupanga kwawoko, ndipo EU yakhazikitsa malamulo atsopano othandizira opanga mabatire apanyumba.

Traditional Automakers mu Fray

Zimphona zamagalimoto ku Europe monga Volkswagen, BMW, ndi Mercedes-Benz zikuyika ndalama zambiri pakufufuza ndi kupanga mabatire, ndikukhazikitsa zopanga zawo zopangira ma cell ndi njira za batri.

Msewu Wautali Patsogolo

Ngakhale kupita patsogolo, gawo la batri lamagetsi ku Europe likadali ndi njira yayitali yoti ipite. Makampaniwa ndi otanganidwa ndipo amafunikira ndalama zambiri komanso ndalama zaukadaulo. Kukwera mtengo kwa anthu ogwira ntchito ku Europe komanso kusowa kwa njira zonse zoperekera zinthu kumabweretsa zovuta.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mayiko a ku Asia apanga mwayi wopikisana nawo pakupanga batri yamagetsi, kupindula ndi ndalama zoyamba mu teknoloji ya lithiamu-ion komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito.

Kutsiliza

Cholinga cha ku Europe chofuna kutsitsimutsanso makampani ake a batri amphamvu akukumana ndi zopinga zazikulu. Ngakhale pali zoyeserera ndi ndalama zomwe zikuchitika, kuphwanya ulamuliro wa "atatu akulu" - China, Japan, ndi Korea - pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi kumakhalabe vuto lalikulu.