Kalozera Wathunthu wa Lithium-Ion Battery Discharge Curve Analysis

Mayeso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri a batri ya lithiamu-ion- -njira yowunikira ma curve

Batire ya lithiamu-ion ikatuluka, mphamvu yake yogwira ntchito nthawi zonse imasintha nthawi zonse. Magetsi ogwirira ntchito a batri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira, nthawi yotulutsa, kapena mphamvu, kapena state of charge (SOC), kapena discharge deep (DOD) ngati abscissa, ndipo ma curve omwe amakokedwa amatchedwa ma curve. Kuti timvetsetse momwe batire imapangidwira, choyamba tiyenera kumvetsetsa mphamvu ya batire.

[Voltge ya batire]

Kuti ma elekitirodi apangidwe kuti apange batire ayenera kukwaniritsa zinthu izi: njira yotaya ma elekitironi muzochitika zamakina (mwachitsanzo, njira ya okosijeni) ndi njira yopezera ma elekitironi (mwachitsanzo, njira yochepetsera) iyenera kulekanitsidwa m'malo awiri osiyana, zomwe zimakhala zosiyana ndi zomwe zimachitika pa redox; machitidwe a redox a chinthu chogwira ntchito cha maelekitirodi awiri ayenera kufalitsidwa ndi dera lakunja, lomwe ndi losiyana ndi momwe microbattery imachitira mu ndondomeko yachitsulo. Mpweya wa batri ndi kusiyana komwe kungakhalepo pakati pa electrode yabwino ndi electrode yolakwika. Zofunikira zenizeni zimaphatikizapo voltage yotseguka, voteji yogwira ntchito, charge and discharge cut-off voltage, etc.

[Electrode mphamvu ya batri ya lithiamu-ion]

Kuthekera kwa electrode kumatanthauza kumizidwa kwa chinthu cholimba mu njira ya electrolyte, kuwonetsa mphamvu yamagetsi, ndiko kuti, kusiyana komwe kungathe pakati pa chitsulo ndi yankho. Kusiyana kumeneku kumatchedwa kuthekera kwachitsulo mu yankho kapena kuthekera kwa electrode. Mwachidule, mphamvu ya electrode ndi chizoloŵezi cha ion kapena atomu kupeza electron.

Chifukwa chake, pamagetsi ena abwino kapena ma elekitirodi olakwika, akayikidwa mu electrolyte yokhala ndi mchere wa lithiamu, kuthekera kwake kwa elekitirodi kumawonetsedwa motere:

Kumene φ c ndi mphamvu ya electrode ya chinthu ichi. Mphamvu ya hydrogen elekitirodi yokhazikika idakhazikitsidwa kukhala 0.0V.

[Open-circuit voltage ya batire]

Mphamvu ya electromotive ya batire ndi mtengo wowerengeka wowerengedwa molingana ndi momwe batire imagwirira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya thermodynamic, ndiye kuti, kusiyana pakati pa kuthekera kwa batire la batire ndi ma elekitirodi abwino ndi oyipa pamene dera likusweka ndiye mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri. kuti betri ikhoza kupereka mphamvu. M'malo mwake, ma elekitirodi abwino ndi oyipa sakhala kwenikweni mu thermodynamic equilibrium state mu electrolyte, ndiye kuti, mphamvu yamagetsi yokhazikitsidwa ndi ma elekitirodi abwino ndi oyipa a batri mu njira ya electrolyte nthawi zambiri sakhala mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi. voteji yotseguka ya batire nthawi zambiri imakhala yaying'ono kuposa mphamvu yake yamagetsi. Kwa ma electrode reaction:

Poganizira za kusakhazikika kwa gawo la reactant ndi ntchito (kapena ndende) ya gawo lomwe limagwira pakapita nthawi, voteji yotseguka ya cell imasinthidwa ndi mphamvu ya equation:

Kumene R ndi gasi wokhazikika, T ndi kutentha komwe kumachitika, ndipo a ndi gawo la ntchito kapena ndende. The lotseguka dera voteji wa batire zimadalira katundu zabwino ndi zoipa elekitirodi zakuthupi, electrolyte ndi mikhalidwe kutentha, ndipo sadalira geometry ndi kukula kwa batire. Lithium ion elekitirodi zinthu kukonzekera mu mtengo, ndi lifiyamu zitsulo pepala anasonkhana mu batani theka batire, akhoza kuyeza elekitirodi zinthu zosiyanasiyana SOC boma la voteji lotseguka, lotseguka voteji pamapindikira ndi elekitirodi zinthu mlandu boma anachita, batire lotseguka voteji dontho, koma osati lalikulu kwambiri, ngati lotseguka voteji dontho mofulumira kwambiri kapena matalikidwe ndi zachilendo chodabwitsa. The padziko kusintha kwa bipolar yogwira zinthu ndi kudziletsa kukhetsa batire ndi zifukwa zazikulu za kuchepa lotseguka dera voteji mu yosungirako, kuphatikizapo kusintha chigoba wosanjikiza wa zabwino ndi zoipa elekitirodi zinthu tebulo; kusintha kotheka chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa thermodynamic kwa elekitirodi, kusungunuka ndi mpweya wa zonyansa zakunja zachitsulo, ndi kagawo kakang'ono kakang'ono koyambitsidwa ndi diaphragm pakati pa ma elekitirodi abwino ndi oipa. Pamene batire ya lithiamu ion ikukalamba, kusintha kwa mtengo wa K (kutsika kwamagetsi) ndiko kupanga ndi kukhazikika kwa filimu ya SEI pamtunda wa electrode chuma. Ngati kutsika kwamagetsi kuli kwakukulu, pali kachigawo kakang'ono kakang'ono mkati, ndipo batire imayesedwa kuti ndi yosayenerera.

[Battery Polarization]

Pamene magetsi akudutsa mu electrode, chodabwitsa kuti electrode imachoka ku mphamvu ya electrode yofanana imatchedwa polarization, ndipo polarization imapanga overpotential. Malinga ndi zomwe zimayambitsa polarization, polarization imatha kugawidwa mu ohmic polarization, ndende polarization ndi electrochemical polarization. CHITH. 2 ndiye njira yolumikizira batire komanso kutengera kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana pamagetsi.

 Chithunzi 1. Mapiritsi amtundu wokhawokha komanso polarization

(1) Ohmic polarization: chifukwa cha kukana kwa gawo lililonse la batri, kuthamanga kwa dontho kumatsatira lamulo la ohm, kutsika kwapano, polarization imachepa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo yapano imasowa nthawi yomweyo ikasiya.

(2) Electrochemical polarization: polarization imayamba chifukwa chakuchita pang'onopang'ono kwa electrochemical pa electrode pamwamba. Idatsika kwambiri mkati mwa mulingo wa microsecond pomwe pano imakhala yaying'ono.

(3) Concentration polarization: chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa njira ya ion diffusion mu yankho, kusiyana kwapakati pakati pa electrode ndi thupi la yankho kumapangidwa polarized pansi pa madzi enaake. Polarization iyi imachepa kapena kutha pamene mphamvu yamagetsi imachepa pa masekondi a macroscopic (masekondi angapo mpaka makumi a masekondi).

Kukaniza kwamkati kwa batri kumawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa kwa batire, zomwe zimachitika makamaka chifukwa kutulutsa kwakukulu kumawonjezera mayendedwe a batri, ndipo kukulira kwamphamvu kwa batire, ndikowonekeratu kowonekera kwa polarization. mu Chithunzi 2. Malinga ndi lamulo la Ohm: V = E0-IRT, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kukana kwamkati kwa RT, nthawi yofunikira kuti mphamvu ya batri ifike pamagetsi otsekemera amachepetsedwa mofanana, kotero mphamvu yotulutsidwa imakhalanso kuchepetsedwa.

Chithunzi 2. Zotsatira za kachulukidwe kakali pano pa polarization

Batire ya lithiamu ion kwenikweni ndi mtundu wa batri ya lithiamu ion. Njira yoyendetsera ndi kutulutsa kwa batri ya lithiamu ion ndi njira yophatikizira ndikuchotsa ma ion a lithiamu mu ma elekitirodi abwino komanso oyipa. Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza polarization ya mabatire a lithiamu-ion ndi:

(1) Mphamvu ya electrolyte: kutsika kwa ma electrolyte ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha polarization ya mabatire a lithiamu ion. Mu kutentha osiyanasiyana, madutsidwe wa electrolyte ntchito mabatire lithiamu-ion zambiri ndi 0.01 ~ 0.1S/cm, amene ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo amadzimadzi njira. Choncho, pamene mabatire a lithiamu-ion atuluka pakalipano, ndichedwa kwambiri kuti awonjezere Li + kuchokera ku electrolyte, ndipo chodabwitsa cha polarization chidzachitika. Kupititsa patsogolo kayendedwe ka electrolyte ndicho chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chothandizira kutulutsa mphamvu zamakono zamabatire a lithiamu-ion.

(2) Chikoka cha zinthu zabwino ndi zoipa: njira yaitali ya zinthu zabwino ndi zoipa lalikulu lifiyamu ion particles mayamwidwe pamwamba, amene si abwino lalikulu kumaliseche.

(3) Conductor wothandizira: zomwe zili mu conductive wothandizira ndizofunikira kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza kutulutsa kwa chiŵerengero chachikulu. Ngati zili za conductive wothandizila mu cathode chilinganizo ndi osakwanira, ma elekitironi sangathe anasamutsa mu nthawi pamene lalikulu panopa kutulutsidwa, ndi polarization mkati kukana ukuwonjezeka mofulumira, kotero kuti voteji batire mofulumira kuchepetsedwa ndi kumaliseche odulidwa voteji. .

(4) Chikoka cha mapangidwe amtengo: makulidwe a mzati: pakakhala kutulutsa kwakukulu kwaposachedwa, kuthamanga kwa zinthu zogwira ntchito kumathamanga kwambiri, zomwe zimafuna kuti lithiamu ion ikhazikitsidwe mwachangu ndikuchotsedwa muzinthuzo. Ngati mbale ya mzati ndi yokhuthala ndipo njira ya kufalikira kwa lithiamu ion ikuwonjezeka, mayendedwe a makulidwe a mzati adzatulutsa chigawo chachikulu cha lithiamu ion ndende.

Kachulukidwe kachulukidwe: kachulukidwe kakachulukidwe ka pepala ka mzati ndi kokulirapo, pore imakhala yaying'ono, ndipo njira ya lifiyamu ion kuyenda munjira yotalikirapo ndi yayitali. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati kachulukidwe kakakulu kwambiri, malo olumikizana pakati pa zinthu ndi electrolyte amachepetsa, malo ochitira ma elekitirodi amachepetsedwa, ndipo kukana kwamkati kwa batire kudzawonjezekanso.

(5) Mphamvu ya nembanemba ya SEI: kupangika kwa nembanemba ya SEI kumawonjezera kukana kwa mawonekedwe a electrode / electrolyte, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti voltage hysteresis kapena polarization.

[Voterate ya batire]

Voltage yogwiritsira ntchito, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti end voltage, imatanthawuza kusiyana komwe kungakhalepo pakati pa ma elekitirodi abwino ndi oipa a batri pamene magetsi akuyenda mu dera lomwe likugwira ntchito. M'malo ogwirira ntchito a batire, pomwe magetsi akuyenda mu batri, kukana komwe kumayambitsa kukana kwamkati kuyenera kugonjetsedwa, zomwe zingayambitse kutsika kwa ohmic ndi polarization ya electrode, kotero kuti voteji yogwira ntchito nthawi zonse imakhala yotsika kuposa magetsi otseguka, ndipo poyitanitsa, voteji yomaliza imakhala yokwera kwambiri kuposa magetsi otseguka. Ndiko kuti, zotsatira za polarization zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yomaliza ya batire ikhale yocheperapo kuposa mphamvu ya electromotive ya batri, yomwe ndi yapamwamba kuposa mphamvu ya electromotive ya batri yomwe imayang'anira.

Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa polarization chodabwitsa, voteji nthawi yomweyo ndi voteji yeniyeni pakulipiritsa ndi kutulutsa. Pakulipira, voteji nthawi yomweyo imakhala yokwera pang'ono kuposa mphamvu yeniyeni, polarization imasowa ndipo magetsi amatsika pamene voteji nthawi yomweyo ndipo mphamvu yeniyeni imachepa pambuyo pa kutulutsa.

Kufotokozera mwachidule zomwe zili pamwambapa, mawuwa ndi awa:

E +, E- -amayimira kuthekera kwa ma elekitirodi abwino ndi oyipa, motsatana, E + 0 ndi E- -0 amayimira kuthekera kofanana kwa ma elekitirodi abwino ndi oyipa, motsatana, VR imayimira ohmic polarization voltage, ndi η + , η - -kuyimira kuwonjezereka kwa ma electrode abwino ndi oipa, motero.

[Mfundo yoyambira yoyeserera kutulutsa]

Titamvetsetsa mphamvu ya batri, tidayamba kusanthula njira yotulutsira mabatire a lithiamu-ion. The kukhetsa pamapindikira kwenikweni zimasonyeza chikhalidwe cha elekitirodi, amene ali superposition wa kusintha kwa dziko ma elekitirodi zabwino ndi zoipa.

Mapiritsi amagetsi a mabatire a lithiamu-ion panthawi yonse yotulutsa amatha kugawidwa m'magawo atatu

1) Mu gawo loyambirira la batire, mphamvu yamagetsi imatsika mwachangu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa kumatsika mwachangu;

2) Mphamvu ya batri imalowa pang'onopang'ono kusintha, komwe kumatchedwa pulatifomu ya batri. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa,

Kutalikirapo kwa dera la nsanja, kumapangitsa kuti voteji ya nsanja ikhale yokwera, pang'onopang'ono kutsika kwamagetsi.

3) Mphamvu ya batri ikatsala pang'ono kutha, mphamvu ya batire imayamba kutsika kwambiri mpaka mphamvu yamagetsi yotulutsa ifika.

Pakuyesa, pali njira ziwiri zosonkhanitsira deta

(1) Sungani deta yamakono, magetsi ndi nthawi malinga ndi nthawi yoikika Δ t;

(2) Sonkhanitsani deta yamakono, magetsi ndi nthawi malinga ndi kusintha kwa kusintha kwa magetsi Δ V. Kulondola kwa zida zolipiritsa ndi kutulutsa makamaka kumaphatikizapo kulondola kwamakono, kulondola kwamagetsi ndi nthawi. Gulu 2 likuwonetsa magawo a zida zamakina ena othamangitsa ndi kutulutsa, pomwe% FS imayimira kuchuluka kwamitundu yonse, ndipo 0.05% RDD imatanthawuza kulakwitsa komwe kumayesedwa mkati mwa 0.05% ya kuwerenga. Charge ndi kutulutsa zida zambiri ntchito CNC zonse panopa gwero m'malo katundu kukana katundu, kuti linanena bungwe voteji batire alibe chochita ndi kukana mndandanda kapena parasitic kukana mu dera, koma zokhudzana ndi voteji E ndi kukana mkati. r ndi dera lapano I la gwero loyenera lamagetsi lofanana ndi batire. Ngati kukana kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula, ikani voteji ya gwero loyenera la batire lofanana ndi E, kukana kwamkati ndi r, ndi kukana kwa katundu ndi R. Yezerani voteji pamalekezero onse a kukana katundu ndi voteji. mita, monga momwe tawonetsera pamwambapa mu Chithunzi 6. Komabe, muzochita, pali kutsogolera kutsutsa ndi kusagwirizana kwazitsulo (yunifolomu parasitic resistance) mu dera. Chithunzi chofananira chozungulira chomwe chikuwonetsedwa mu FIG. 3 ikuwonetsedwa mu chithunzi chotsatira cha FIG. 3. Pochita, kukana kwa parasitic kumayambitsidwa mosalephera, kotero kuti kukana kwathunthu kwa katundu kumakhala kwakukulu, koma voteji yoyezera ndi voteji pamapeto onse a kukana katundu R, kotero cholakwikacho chimayambitsidwa.

 Mkuyu. 3 The mfundo chipika chithunzi ndi yeniyeni ofanana dera chithunzi cha kukana kutulutsa njira

Pamene gwero lamakono lomwe lili ndi I1 yamakono likugwiritsidwa ntchito monga katundu, chithunzi cha schematic ndi chithunzi chofanana chofanana cha dera chikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 7. E, I1 ndizokhazikika nthawi zonse ndipo r imakhala yosasinthasintha kwa nthawi inayake.

Kuchokera pa ndondomeko yomwe ili pamwambayi, tikhoza kuona kuti ma voltages awiri a A ndi B ndi osasinthasintha, ndiko kuti, mphamvu yamagetsi ya batri sikugwirizana ndi kukula kwa kukana kwa mndandanda mu kuzungulira, ndipo ndithudi, palibe chochita. ndi kukana kwa parasitic. Kuphatikiza apo, njira yoyezera ma terminal anayi imatha kukwaniritsa muyeso wolondola kwambiri wamagetsi otulutsa batire.

Chithunzi 4 Chithunzi cha Equiple block ndi chithunzi chofananira chofananira cha katundu wokhazikika wapano

Cocurrent source ndi chipangizo chamagetsi chomwe chingapereke nthawi zonse pakalipano. Itha kusungabe zotulukapo nthawi zonse pomwe magetsi akunja akusinthasintha komanso mawonekedwe a impedance akusintha.

[Kutulutsa mayeso mode]

Zida zoyesera ndi kutulutsa nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo cha semiconductor ngati chinthu choyendera. Posintha chizindikiro chowongolera cha chipangizo cha semiconductor, imatha kutsanzira katundu wamitundu yosiyanasiyana monga nthawi zonse, kupanikizika kosalekeza komanso kukana kosalekeza ndi zina zotero. Njira yoyesera ya lithiamu-ion batire imaphatikizapo kutulutsa nthawi zonse, kutulutsa kosalekeza, kutulutsa mphamvu nthawi zonse, ndi zina zotero. kutulutsa kwapakati kumatha kugawidwa kukhala kutulutsa kwapakatikati ndi kutulutsa kwamphamvu. Pakuyezetsa kutulutsa, batire imatuluka molingana ndi momwe idakhazikitsira, ndipo imasiya kutulutsa ikafika pazomwe zakhazikitsidwa. Zomwe zimapangidwira zimaphatikizira kutsika kwamagetsi, kuyimitsa nthawi, kutsika kwa mphamvu, kutsika kwamphamvu kwamagetsi, ndi zina. ndi, kusintha kwa mayendedwe otsekemera kumakhudzidwanso ndi dongosolo lotayira, kuphatikizapo: kutulutsa panopa, kutentha kwa kutentha, kutulutsa mphamvu zowonongeka; kutulutsa kwapakatikati kapena kosalekeza. Kuchulukiraku kumatulutsa mphamvu, mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito imatsika mofulumira; ndi kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono, mayendedwe otuluka amasintha pang'onopang'ono.

(1) Kutuluka kwanthawi zonse

Pamene nthawi zonse kukhetsa pakali pano, mtengo panopa wakhazikitsidwa, ndiyeno mtengo panopa kufika ndi kusintha CNC nthawi zonse gwero, kuti azindikire mosalekeza kutulutsidwa panopa batire. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mapeto voteji kusintha kwa batire amasonkhanitsidwa kudziwa kutulutsa makhalidwe batire. Kutulutsa kwanthawi zonse ndiko kutulutsa komweko komweko, koma mphamvu ya batri ikupitilirabe kutsika, kotero mphamvu ikupitilirabe kutsika. Chithunzi 5 ndi voteji ndi pamapindikira panopa kutulutsa kosalekeza kwa mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Chifukwa cha kutulutsa kosalekeza kwakali pano, nthawiyo imasinthidwa mosavuta ku mphamvu (zopangidwa ndi zamakono ndi nthawi) axis. Chithunzi 5 chikuwonetsa mphamvu yamagetsi yokhotakhota pakutulutsa kosalekeza. Kutulutsa kosalekeza ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuyesa batri ya lithiamu-ion.

Chithunzi 5 Kulipiritsa voteji nthawi zonse ndi ma curve otuluka pakali pano pamitengo yochulukitsa

(2) Kutulutsa mphamvu nthawi zonse

Mphamvu ikatuluka nthawi zonse, mphamvu yamphamvu yokhazikika P imayikidwa koyamba, ndipo voteji yotulutsa U ya batri imasonkhanitsidwa. Pakutulutsa, P imayenera kukhala yosasintha, koma U ikusintha nthawi zonse, kotero ndikofunikira kusintha mosalekeza I yapano ya CNC gwero lanthawi zonse malinga ndi formula I = P / U kuti mukwaniritse cholinga chotulutsa mphamvu nthawi zonse. . Sungani mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu yosasinthika, chifukwa voteji ya batri ikupitirizabe kutsika panthawi yotulutsa, kotero kuti zomwe zikuchitika mu mphamvu zowonongeka zikupitirizabe kukwera. Chifukwa cha kutulutsa kwamphamvu kosalekeza, nthawi yolumikizana ndi olamulira imasinthidwa mosavuta kukhala mphamvu (chopangidwa ndi mphamvu ndi nthawi) yolumikizira olamulira.

Chithunzi 6 Kulipiritsa mphamvu kosalekeza ndi kutulutsa ma curve pamitengo yowirikiza kawiri

Kuyerekeza pakati pa kutulutsa kwanthawi zonse ndi kutulutsa mphamvu kosalekeza

Chithunzi 7: (a) chiwonetsero cha mphamvu ndi kutulutsa mphamvu pazigawo zosiyanasiyana; (b) Kuthamangitsa ndi kutulutsa kopindika

 Chithunzi 7 chikuwonetsa zotsatira za chiyerekezo chosiyana ndi mayeso otulutsa mumitundu iwiri ya lithiamu iron phosphate batire. Malinga ndi mphamvu yopindika mu FIG. 7 (a), ndi kuwonjezeka kwa malipiro ndi kutulutsa panopa mumayendedwe amakono, mphamvu yeniyeni ndi kutulutsa mphamvu ya batri imachepa pang'onopang'ono, koma kusintha kwasintha kumakhala kochepa. Mphamvu yeniyeni ndi kutulutsa mphamvu ya batri imachepa pang'onopang'ono ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu, ndipo kuchulukitsira kwakukulu, kumapangitsanso kuwonongeka kwa mphamvu. Kutha kwa 1 h kutulutsa mphamvu kumakhala kotsika kuposa momwe amayendera nthawi zonse. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pamene mtengo wotulutsa-charge uli wotsika kuposa 5 h mlingo, mphamvu ya batri imakhala yapamwamba pansi pa chikhalidwe cha mphamvu nthawi zonse, pamene mphamvu ya batri ndi yapamwamba kuposa 5 h mlingo ndi wapamwamba pansi pa chikhalidwe chokhazikika.

Kuchokera chithunzi 7 (b) limasonyeza mphamvu-voteji pamapindikira, pansi pa chikhalidwe otsika chiŵerengero, lithiamu chitsulo mankwala batire awiri mode mphamvu-voteji pamapindikira, ndi mlandu ndi kumaliseche voteji nsanja kusintha si lalikulu, koma pansi pa chikhalidwe cha chiŵerengero mkulu, nthawi zonse voteji nthawi zonse voteji nthawi motalika kwambiri, ndi kulipiritsa voteji nsanja kuchuluka kwambiri, kutulutsa voteji nsanja yafupika kwambiri.

(3) Kutulutsa kosalekeza kosalekeza

Pamene kukana kutulutsa nthawi zonse, mtengo wosasunthika R umayikidwa poyamba kuti utenge mphamvu ya batri U. Panthawi yotulutsa, R imayenera kukhala yosasinthasintha, koma U ikusintha nthawi zonse, kotero kuti panopa I mtengo wa CNC nthawi zonse. gwero liyenera kusinthidwa nthawi zonse molingana ndi formula I = U / R kuti mukwaniritse cholinga chotulutsa kukana kosalekeza. Mpweya wa batri nthawi zonse umakhala wocheperapo pakutha, ndipo kukana kuli kofanana, kotero kuti kutulutsa kwapano Inenso ndikuchepa.

(4) Kutulutsa kosalekeza, kutulutsa kwapakatikati ndi kutulutsa mpweya

Batire imatulutsidwa nthawi zonse, mphamvu yosalekeza komanso kukana kosalekeza, pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi kuti azindikire kuwongolera kwa kutulutsa kosalekeza, kutulutsa kwapakatikati ndi kutulutsa kwamphamvu. Chithunzi 11 chikuwonetsa ma curve apano ndi ma curve amagetsi amtundu wamtundu wa pulse charge / test discharge.

Chithunzi 8 Ma curve apano ndi ma curve amagetsi pamayeso amtundu wa pulse charge-discharge

[Zidziwitso zomwe zikuphatikizidwa mu curve yotulutsa]

Kutulutsa kwamagetsi kumatanthawuza kupindika kwa voteji, panopa, mphamvu ndi kusintha kwina kwa batri pakapita nthawi panthawi yotulutsa. Zomwe zili m'mapindikiro opangira ndi kutulutsa ndizolemera kwambiri, kuphatikizapo mphamvu, mphamvu, voteji yogwira ntchito ndi nsanja yamagetsi, mgwirizano pakati pa mphamvu ya elekitirodi ndi dziko lachiwongola dzanja, etc. Deta yaikulu yomwe inalembedwa panthawi ya mayeso a kumaliseche ndi nthawi. kusintha kwa magetsi ndi magetsi. Magawo ambiri atha kupezeka kuchokera kuzinthu zoyambira izi. Tsatanetsatane wa magawo omwe angapezeke ndi ma curve otulutsa.

(1) Mphamvu yamagetsi

Pakuyesa kutulutsa kwa batri ya lithiamu ion, magawo a voteji makamaka amaphatikizapo voteji nsanja, voteji apakatikati, pafupifupi voteji, odulidwa voteji, etc. voteji nsanja ndi lolingana voteji mtengo pamene voteji kusintha pang'ono ndi kusintha mphamvu ndi lalikulu. , yomwe ingapezeke pamtengo wapamwamba wa dQ / dV. Mphamvu yapakati ndi mphamvu yofananira ndi theka la mphamvu ya batri. Pakuti zipangizo zoonekeratu pa nsanja, monga lithiamu chitsulo mankwala ndi lithiamu titanate, voteji apakatikati ndi voteji nsanja. Pafupifupi voteji ndi gawo lothandiza la voteji-mphamvu pamapindikira (ie, batire kutulutsa mphamvu) wogawidwa ndi chilinganizo mphamvu mawerengedwe ndi u = U (t) * Ine (t) dt / I (t) dt. Magetsi odulidwa amatanthauza mphamvu yochepa yomwe imaloledwa pamene batire yatuluka. Ngati voteji ndi yocheperapo kuposa mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imatulutsa, mphamvu yamagetsi pamapeto onse a batri idzatsika mofulumira, ndikupanga kutuluka kwambiri. Kutaya kwambiri kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa chinthu chogwira ntchito cha electrode, kutaya mphamvu, ndikufupikitsa moyo wa batri. Monga tafotokozera m'gawo loyamba, voteji ya batire imagwirizana ndi kuwongolera kwa zinthu za cathode ndi kuthekera kwamagetsi.

(2) Mphamvu ndi mphamvu zenizeni

Kuchuluka kwa batire kumatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa magetsi otulutsidwa ndi batire pansi pa njira inayake yotulutsa (pansi pa kutulutsa komweku I, kutentha kwa T, kutulutsa kwamagetsi V), kuwonetsa kuthekera kwa batri kusunga mphamvu mu Ah kapena C. Kuthekera kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zambiri, monga kutulutsa pano, kutentha kwapamadzi, etc.

Theoretical capacity: mphamvu yoperekedwa ndi chinthu chogwira ntchito pakuchitapo kanthu.

Mphamvu zenizeni: mphamvu yeniyeni yomwe imatulutsidwa pansi pa dongosolo linalake lotulutsa.

Mphamvu yoyengedwa: imatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi batri pansi pamikhalidwe yomwe idapangidwa kuti ichotse.

Poyesa kutulutsa, mphamvu imawerengedwa pophatikiza panopa pa nthawi, mwachitsanzo C = I (t) dt, nthawi zonse mu t kutulutsa kosalekeza, C = I (t) dt = I t; kukana kosalekeza R kutulutsa, C = Ine (t) dt = (1 / R) * U (t) dt (1 / R) * kunja (u ndiye voteji yotulutsa, t ndi nthawi yotulutsa).

Kuthekera kwapadera: Kuti mufananize mabatire osiyanasiyana, lingaliro la mphamvu zapadera limayambitsidwa. Kuchuluka kwapadera kumatanthawuza mphamvu yoperekedwa ndi chinthu chogwira ntchito cha unit mass kapena unit volume electrode, yomwe imatchedwa mphamvu yeniyeni ya misa kapena mphamvu yeniyeni ya voliyumu. Njira yowerengera nthawi zonse ndi: mphamvu yeniyeni = mphamvu ya batri yoyamba kutulutsa / (chinthu chogwira ntchito * chiwopsezo chogwiritsa ntchito)

Zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu ya batri:

a. Kutulutsa kwa batri: kukulirapo, mphamvu yotulutsa imachepa;

b. Kutentha kwa batri: pamene kutentha kumachepa, mphamvu yotulutsa imachepa;

c. Kutulutsa kwamagetsi a batri: nthawi yotulutsa yomwe imayikidwa ndi ma elekitirodi ndi malire a electrode reaction palokha nthawi zambiri amakhala 3.0V kapena 2.75V.

d. Kulipiritsa ndi kutulutsa nthawi ya batri: pambuyo polipira kangapo ndikutulutsa batire, chifukwa cha kulephera kwa zinthu za electrode, batire imatha kuchepetsa kutulutsa kwa batri.

e. Kulipiritsa kwa batire: kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka, kutentha, voteji yodulira imakhudza mphamvu ya batri, motero zimazindikira mphamvu yakutulutsa.

 Njira yodziwira kuchuluka kwa batri:

Mafakitale osiyanasiyana ali ndi miyezo yoyesera yosiyana malinga ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito. Kwa mabatire a lithiamu-ion pazinthu za 3C, malinga ndi muyezo wadziko lonse wa GB / T18287-2000 General Specification for Lithium-ion Batteries for Cellular Telephone, njira yoyesera mphamvu ya batire ili motere: a) kulipiritsa: 0.2C5A kulipiritsa; b) kutulutsa: 0.2C5A kutulutsa; c) mikombero isanu, yomwe imodzi ndiyoyenerera.

Pamakampani amagalimoto amagetsi, malinga ndi muyezo wadziko lonse wa GB / T 31486-2015 Zofunikira Zogwirira Ntchito Zamagetsi ndi Njira Zoyesera Za Battery Yamagetsi Pamagalimoto Amagetsi, kuchuluka kwa batire kumatanthawuza mphamvu (Ah) yotulutsidwa ndi batire kutentha kwapakati. ndi 1I1 (A) kutulutsa kwamakono kuti ifike pamagetsi otsiriza, momwe I1 ndi 1 ola la ola lachidziwitso, lomwe mtengo wake ndi wofanana ndi C1 (A). Njira yoyesera ndi:

A) Pa kutentha kwa firiji, siyani voteji nthawi zonse mukamalipira ndi kuyitanitsa nthawi zonse kumagetsi othamangitsira omwe atchulidwa ndi kampaniyo, ndipo siyani kuyitanitsa pomwe kuthamangitsa komwe kumatsikira ku 0.05I1 (A), ndikugwirizira kulipiritsa kwa 1h pambuyo pake. kulipira.

Bb) Pa kutentha kwa firiji, batire imatulutsidwa ndi 1I1 (A) yapano mpaka kutulutsa kukafika pamagetsi oletsa kutulutsa omwe amafotokozedwa muukadaulo wabizinesi;

C) kuyeza kutulutsa mphamvu (kuyezedwa ndi Ah), kuwerengera kutulutsa mphamvu yeniyeni (kuyezedwa ndi Wh / kg);

3 d) Bwerezani masitepe a) -) c) kasanu. Pamene kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mayesero atatu otsatizana ndi ochepera 5% a mphamvu yovotera, mayesero amatha kutsirizidwa pasadakhale ndipo zotsatira za mayesero atatu otsiriza akhoza kuwerengedwa.

(3) State of charge, SOC

SOC (State of Charge) ndi mkhalidwe wamalipiro, womwe umayimira chiŵerengero cha mphamvu yotsala ya batri kuti ifike pakutha kwake pakapita nthawi kapena nthawi yaitali pansi pa mlingo wina wa kutulutsa. Njira ya "open-circuit voltage + ola-time integration" imagwiritsa ntchito njira yamagetsi yotseguka kuti iyerekeze kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa batire, kenako imagwiritsa ntchito njira yophatikizira ya ola limodzi kuti ipeze mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi batire. -njira yophatikiza nthawi. Mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizopangidwa ndi nthawi yotulutsa komanso nthawi yotulutsa, ndipo mphamvu yotsalayo ndi yofanana ndi kusiyana pakati pa mphamvu yoyamba ndi mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito. Chiyerekezo cha masamu cha SOC pakati pa voliyumu yotseguka ndi ola limodzi ndi:

Kumene CN ndi mphamvu yovotera; η ndiko kuyendetsa bwino-kutulutsa; T ndi kutentha kwa batire; Ine ndi batire panopa; t ndi nthawi yotulutsa batri.

DOD (Kuzama kwa Kutaya) ndi kuya kwa kutulutsa, muyeso wa digiri yotulutsa, yomwe ndi chiwerengero cha mphamvu zotulutsa ku mphamvu yonse yotulutsa. Kuzama kwa kutulutsa kumakhala ndi ubale wabwino ndi moyo wa batri: kuya kwakuya kwakuya, kufupikitsa moyo. Ubale umawerengedwa kwa SOC = 100% -DOD

4) Mphamvu ndi mphamvu zenizeni

Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe batire imatha kutulutsa pogwira ntchito yakunja pansi pamikhalidwe ina imatchedwa mphamvu ya batri, ndipo gawoli limawonetsedwa mu wh. M'mphepete mwazitsulo, mphamvu imawerengedwa motere: W = U (t) * I (t) dt. Pakutuluka kosalekeza, W = I * U (t) dt = It * u (u ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yotulutsa, t ndi nthawi yotulutsa)

a. Theoretical mphamvu

Kutulutsa kwa batri kumakhala kofanana, ndipo mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu imasunga mtengo wa mphamvu ya electromotive (E), ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu chogwira ntchito ndi 100%. Pansi pa chikhalidwe ichi, mphamvu linanena bungwe la batire ndi mphamvu theoretical, ndiko kuti, pazipita ntchito yochitidwa ndi batire reversible pansi kutentha zonse ndi kukakamizidwa.

b. Mphamvu zenizeni

Mphamvu zenizeni za kutulutsa kwa batire zimatchedwa mphamvu yeniyeni, malamulo amakampani amagetsi amagetsi ("GB / T 31486-2015 Zofunikira pa Magwiridwe Amagetsi a Mphamvu ya Battery ndi Njira Zoyesera za Magalimoto amagetsi"), batire yotentha ndi 1I1 (A) ) kukhetsa kwapano, kufikira mphamvu (Wh) yotulutsidwa ndi voteji yomaliza, yotchedwa mphamvu yovotera.

c. mphamvu zenizeni

Mphamvu yoperekedwa ndi batire pa yuniti imodzi ndi voliyumu ya unit imatchedwa mphamvu yeniyeni kapena mphamvu yeniyeni, yomwe imatchedwanso mphamvu yamagetsi. M'magulu a wh / kg kapena wh / L.

[Mawonekedwe oyambira a curve yotulutsa]

Mtundu wofunikira kwambiri wa curve yotulutsa ndi nthawi yamagetsi komanso nthawi yapano. Kupyolera mu kusinthika kwa mawerengedwe a nthawi, njira yothamangitsira wamba imakhalanso ndi mphamvu yamagetsi (yapadera mphamvu) yokhotakhota, mphamvu yamagetsi (yapadera mphamvu) yokhotakhota, voteji-SOC curve ndi zina zotero.

(1) Voltage-nthawi ndi nthawi yapano

Chithunzi 9 Mapiritsi a nthawi ya Voltage ndi nthawi yamakono

(2) Kupindika kwa mphamvu yamagetsi

Chithunzi 10 Voltage-capacity curve

(3) Kupindika kwa mphamvu yamagetsi

Chithunzi Chithunzi 11. Voltage-mphamvu yopindika

[zolemba zolozera]

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• Eom KS, Joshi T, Bordes A, et al. Mapangidwe a batire ya cell ya Li-ion yogwiritsa ntchito nano silicon ndi nano multilayer graphene composite anode[J]
• Guo Jipeng, et al. Kuyerekeza kwanthawi zonse komanso kuyeserera kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kwa mabatire a lithiamu iron phosphate [J].batire yosungira.2017(03):109-115
• Marinaro M，Yoon D，Gabrielli G,et al.High performance 1.2 Ah Si-alloy/Graphite|LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 prototype Batoni ya i-ion[J] .Journal of Power Sources.2017(Supplement C):357-188.