Kuwulula Chinsinsi: Kuthekera Kwapamwamba Kwambiri mu Mabatire a Lithium-Ion

Chifukwa chiyani batire ya lithiamu ilipo chodabwitsa kwambiri

M'mabatire a lithiamu-ion (LIBs), ma elekitirodi ambiri a transition metal oxide-based electrode amawonetsa kusungirako kwakukulu kopitilira muyeso wawo. Ngakhale kuti chodabwitsachi chafotokozedwa mofala, njira za physicochemical muzinthuzi zimakhalabe zovuta ndipo zimakhalabe zotsutsana.

Mbiri yazotsatira

Posachedwapa, Pulofesa Miao Guoxing wa ku yunivesite ya Waterloo, Canada, Pulofesa Yu Guihua wa ku yunivesite ya Texas ku Austin, ndi Li Hongsen ndi Li Qiang a ku yunivesite ya Qingdao pamodzi anasindikiza pepala lofufuza pa Zachilengedwe pansi pa mutu wa "Kusungirako kowonjezera mu Transition metal oxide lithiamu-ion mabatire owululidwa ndi in situ magnetometry". Mu ntchito iyi, olemba ntchito situ maginito polojekiti kusonyeza kukhalapo amphamvu pamwamba capacitance pa zitsulo nanoparticles ndi kuti ambiri ma elekitironi spin-polarized akhoza kusungidwa kale kuchepetsedwa zitsulo nanoparticles, amene n'zogwirizana ndi malo mlandu limagwirira. Kuonjezera apo, njira yowululidwa yowonetsera malo imatha kuwonjezeredwa kuzinthu zina zachitsulo zosinthika, zomwe zimapereka chiwongolero chofunikira pakukhazikitsa machitidwe apamwamba osungira mphamvu.

Zowunikira zazikulu

(1) Fe wamba adaphunziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito in-situ magnetic monitoring technique3O4/ Evolution of the electronic structure in the Li battery;

(2) imasonyeza kuti Fe3O4In the / Li system, mphamvu yoyendetsera pamwamba ndiyo gwero lalikulu la mphamvu zowonjezera;

(3) The pamwamba capacitance limagwirira zitsulo nanoparticles akhoza anawonjezera kwa osiyanasiyana kusintha zitsulo mankhwala.

Zolemba ndi zolemba

1. Makhalidwe apangidwe ndi electrochemical properties

Monodisperse hollow Fe idapangidwa ndi njira wamba ya hydrothermal3O4Nanospheres, kenako idachitidwa pa 100 mAg−1Charge ndi kutulutsa pakachulukidwe kapano (Chithunzi 1a), kutulutsa koyamba ndi 1718 mAh g−1, 1370 mAhg motsatana ndi kachitatu. 1Ndipo 1,364 mAhg−1, Kutali kuposa 926 mAhg−1Chiphunzitso cha ziyembekezo. Zithunzi za BF-STEM za mankhwala otulutsidwa kwathunthu (Chithunzi 1b-c) zimasonyeza kuti pambuyo pa kuchepetsa lithiamu, Fe3O4The nanospheres anasandulika kukhala ang'onoang'ono Fe nanoparticles kuyeza za 1 - 3 nm, omwazika mu Li2O likulu.

Kuwonetsa kusintha kwa maginito pa nthawi ya electrochemical mkombero, ndi magnetization pamapindikira pambuyo kumaliseche kwathunthu kwa 0.01 V anapezedwa (Chithunzi 1d), kusonyeza superparamagnetic khalidwe chifukwa mapangidwe nanoparticles.

Chithunzi 1 (a) pa 100 mAg-1Fe ya kupalasa njinga pakalipano kachulukidwe3O4 / Kulipiritsa nthawi zonse komanso kutulutsa kwa batire ya Li; (b) mokwanira lithiamu Fe3O4The BF-STEM chithunzi cha elekitirodi; (c) kukhalapo kwa Li mu aggregate2High-resolution BF-STEM zithunzi za onse O ndi Fe; (d) Fe3O4The hysteresis mapindikidwe a elekitirodi pamaso (wakuda) ndi pambuyo (buluu), ndi Langevin woyenerera pamapindikira omalizira (wofiirira).

2. Kuzindikira zenizeni zenizeni zakusintha kwadongosolo komanso maginito

Pofuna kuphatikiza electrochemistry ndi Fe3O4Of kusintha kwapangidwe ndi maginito okhudzana ndi Fe3O4Ma Electrodes adayesedwa mu situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) ndi in situ magnetic monitoring. Fe mu mndandanda wa machitidwe a XRD diffraction panthawi yotulutsidwa koyamba kuchokera ku magetsi otseguka (OCV) mpaka 1.2V3O4Nsonga za diffraction sizinasinthe kwambiri mu mphamvu kapena malo (Chithunzi 2a), kusonyeza kuti Fe3O4Only anakumana ndi ndondomeko ya intercalation ya Li. Ikaperekedwa ku 3V, mawonekedwe a Fe3O4The anti-spinel amakhalabe osasunthika, kutanthauza kuti njira yomwe ili pawindo lamagetsi ili ndi yosinthika kwambiri. Kuwunika kwina kwa maginito a in-situ kuphatikiza kuyezetsa kosalekeza kwapakali pano kunachitika kuti afufuze momwe maginito amasinthira munthawi yeniyeni (Chithunzi 2b).

Chithunzi 2 Makhalidwe a in-situ XRD ndi kuyang'anira maginito.(A) mu situ XRD; (b) Fe3O4Electrochemical charge-discharge curve pansi pa 3 T idagwiritsa ntchito maginito ndikuyankha molingana ndi maginito a situ.

Kuti timvetsetse bwino za kutembenuka kumeneku potengera kusintha kwa maginito, kuyankha kwa maginito kumasonkhanitsidwa munthawi yeniyeni ndikusintha kofananira komwe kumatsagana ndi machitidwe oyendetsedwa ndi electrochemically (Chithunzi 3). Ndizodziwikiratu kuti pakutulutsa koyamba, kuyankha kwa maginito kwa Fe3O4 kwa ma elekitirodi kumasiyana ndi ma elekitirodi ena chifukwa cha Fe panthawi yoyamba ya lithalization3O4Chifukwa cha kusintha kosasinthika kumachitika. Pamene kuthekera kwatsikira ku 0.78V, gawo la Fe3O4The antispinel linasinthidwa kukhala Li2The kalasi FeO halite dongosolo la O, Fe3O4 Gawo silingabwezeretsedwe pambuyo polipira. Mofananamo, maginito amatsika mofulumira kufika pa 0.482 μ b Fe-1. Pamene lithialization ikupita, palibe gawo latsopano anapanga, ndi mphamvu ya (200) ndi (220) nsonga kalasi FeO diffraction anayamba kufooketsa.ofanana Fe3O4Palibe kwambiri XRD pachimake anasungidwa pamene elekitirodi kwathunthu liialized (Chithunzi 3a). Dziwani kuti pamene electrode Fe3O4 imatulutsa kuchokera ku 0.78V kupita ku 0.45V, maginito (kuchokera ku 0.482 μ b Fe-1Kuwonjezeka kufika ku 1.266 μ bFe-1), Izi zinkachitika chifukwa cha kutembenuka kuchokera ku FeO kupita ku Fe. Kenako, kumapeto kwa kutulutsa, magnetization idachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono mpaka 1.132 μ B Fe-1. Izi zikusonyeza kuti Fe0Nanoparticles yachitsulo yochepetsedwa mokwanira ikhoza kutenga nawo mbali muzosungirako za lithiamu, motero kuchepetsa mphamvu ya maginito ya ma elekitirodi.

Chithunzi 3 Zowonera mu situ za kusintha kwa gawo ndi kuyankha kwa maginito. (a) Mapu a Fe3O4In situ XRD omwe amasonkhanitsidwa pakutulutsa koyamba kwa electrode; (b) Fe3O4In situ maginito mphamvu ya kuyeza kwa electrochemical kuzungulira kwa / Li ma cell pamaginito ogwiritsidwa ntchito a 3 T.

3. Fe0/Li2Surface capacitance ya O system

Fe3O4Kusintha kwa maginito kwa ma elekitirodi kumachitika pamagetsi otsika, pomwe mphamvu yowonjezera ya electrochemical imatha kupangidwa, zomwe zikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa zonyamulira zomwe sizinadziwike mkati mwa selo. Kuti mufufuze makina osungira a lithiamu, Fe adaphunziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito XPS, STEM ndi magnetic performance spectrum3O4Electrodes ya nsonga za magnetization pa 0.01V,0.45V ndi 1.4V kuti mudziwe kumene kusintha kwa maginito. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti mphindi ya maginito ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza kusintha kwa maginito, chifukwa muyezo wa Fe0 / Li2The Ms wa O dongosolo samakhudzidwa ndi maginito anisotropy ndi interparticle coupling.

Kuti mumvetse bwino Fe3O4The kinetic katundu wa maelekitirodi pa otsika voteji, cyclic voltammetry pa osiyanasiyana jambulani mitengo. Monga momwe chithunzi 4a chikusonyezera, mapindikidwe a rectangular cyclic voltammogram amawonekera mkati mwa voteji pakati pa 0.01V ndi 1V (Chithunzi 4a). Chithunzi 4b chikuwonetsa kuti kuyankha kwa capacitive Fe3O4A kunachitika pa electrode. Ndi kuyankha kosinthika kwa maginito kwanthawi zonse pakali pano ndi kutulutsa (Chithunzi 4c), maginito a elekitirodi adatsika kuchokera ku 1V mpaka 0.01V panthawi yotulutsa, ndikuwonjezekanso panthawi yolipira, kuwonetsa kuti Fe0Of capacitor-ngati pamwamba zimachitikira kwambiri zosinthika.

Chithunzi cha 4 cha electrochemical properties ndi in situ magnetic characterization pa 0.011 V. (A) The cyclic voltammetric curve. (B) mtengo wa b umatsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito kugwirizana pakati pa nsonga yapamwamba ndi mlingo wa scan; (c) kusintha kosinthika kwa maginito okhudzana ndi ma curve otulutsa pansi pa 5 T yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi maginito.

Fe3O4 zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, mawonekedwe a electrochemical, structural and magnetic of electrodes amasonyeza kuti mphamvu yowonjezera ya batri imatsimikiziridwa ndi Fe0The spin-polarized surface capacitance ya nanoparticles imayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa maginito. The spin-polarized capacitance ndi chifukwa cha spin-polarized charge acquency pa mawonekedwe ndipo imatha kuwonetsa kuyankha kwa maginito panthawi yolipira ndi kutulutsa. zazikulu pamwamba-to-voliyumu ziwerengero ndi kuzindikira mkulu kachulukidwe wa mayiko pa mlingo Fermi chifukwa kwambiri localized d orbitals. Malingana ndi chitsanzo cha Maier chosungira malo osungira malo, olembawo akuganiza kuti ma elekitironi ochuluka amatha kusungidwa m'magulu opota azitsulo a Fe nanoparticles, omwe angapezeke mu Fe / Li3Creating spin-polarized surface capacitors mu O nanocomposites ( Chithunzi 4).

graph 5Fe/Li2A Schematic chifaniziro cha pamwamba capacitance wa spin-polarized ma elekitironi pa O-interface. kuchuluka kwa chitsulo polarization; (b) kupangidwa kwa dera laling'ono la danga pamtunda wa capacitor wa lifiyamu wowonjezera.

Chidule ndi Chiwonetsero

TM / Li idafufuzidwa ndi in-situ maginito monitoring2Kusinthika kwamagetsi amkati a O nanocomposite kuwulula komwe kumachokera batire ya lithiamu-ion. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti, onse mu dongosolo la cell la Fe3O4 / Li, electrochemically yafupika Fe nanoparticles imatha kusunga ma elekitironi ozungulira polarized, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma cell komanso kusintha kwakukulu kwa interfacial magnetism. Kuyesera kunatsimikiziranso CoO, NiO, ndi FeF2Ndi Fe2Kupezeka kwa mphamvu yotereyi muzinthu za elekitirodi ya N kumasonyeza kukhalapo kwa ma spin-polarized pamwamba capacitance ya nanoparticles yachitsulo mu mabatire a lithiamu ion ndikuyala maziko ogwiritsira ntchito makina osungira malowa pakusintha kwina. zitsulo pawiri-based electrode zipangizo.

Literature link

Kusungirako kowonjezera mu mabatire a zitsulo za oxide lithiamu-ion zowululidwa ndi in situ magnetometry (Zida Zachilengedwe, 2020, DOI: 10.1038 / s41563-020-0756-y)

Mphamvu ya kapangidwe kake ka lithiamu electrode wafer ndi zolakwika za electrode wafer pakugwira ntchito

1. Pole film design foundation article

Lifiyamu batire electrode ndi ❖ kuyanika wopangidwa ndi tinthu ting'onoting'ono, wogwirizana ndi zitsulo madzimadzi. Lithium ion batire elekitirodi zokutira akhoza kuonedwa ngati zinthu gulu, makamaka wopangidwa ndi magawo atatu:

(1) Tinthu ting'onoting'ono ta zinthu;

(2) gawo la constituent wa conductive wothandizira ndi wothandizira (mpweya zomatira gawo);

(3) Pore, mudzaze ndi electrolyte.

Kugwirizana kwa kuchuluka kwa gawo lililonse kumawonetsedwa motere:

Porosity + yamoyo voliyumu kagawo + kagawo kakang'ono ka carbon adhesive volume =1

Mapangidwe a ma electrode a lithiamu batire ndi ofunika kwambiri, ndipo tsopano chidziwitso choyambirira cha mapangidwe a electrode a lithiamu batire chikufotokozedwa mwachidule.

(1) Theoretical mphamvu ya electrode chuma Theoretical mphamvu ya electrode chuma, ndiko kuti, mphamvu yoperekedwa ndi ma ion onse lithiamu mu zinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi electrochemical reaction, mtengo wake umawerengedwa ndi zotsatirazi:

Mwachitsanzo, LiFePO4The molar mass ndi 157.756 g/mol, ndipo mphamvu yake yongoyerekeza ndi:

Mtengo wowerengeka uwu ndiwongoyerekeza ndi mphamvu ya gramu. Pofuna kuwonetsetsa kuti zinthuzo zimasinthidwanso, mphamvu yeniyeni yochotsa lithiamu ion ndiyochepera 1, ndipo mphamvu yeniyeni ya gramu yazinthuzo ndi:

Mphamvu yeniyeni ya gram yazinthu = mphamvu yongoyerekeza ya lithiamu ion unplugging coefficient

(2) Kuthekera kwa kapangidwe ka batri komanso kachulukidwe wambali imodzi Battery kachulukidwe mphamvu amatha kuwerengeredwa ndi chilinganizo zotsatirazi: batire kapangidwe mphamvu = ❖ kuyanika pamwamba kachulukidwe yogwira ntchito chiŵerengero yogwira katundu gram mphamvu pole pepala ❖ kuyanika dera

Pakati pawo, kachulukidwe pamwamba pa zokutira ndi gawo lofunikira la mapangidwe. Pamene kachulukidwe ka compaction sichinasinthidwe, kuchulukitsitsa kwa kuchuluka kwa zokutira kumatanthawuza kuti makulidwe a pepala la pulasitiki amawonjezeka, mtunda wa kufalikira kwa ma elekitironi ukuwonjezeka, ndipo kukana kwa ma electron kumawonjezeka, koma digiri yowonjezera imakhala yochepa. Mu pepala wandiweyani ma elekitirodi, kuwonjezeka kwa kusamuka kwa ma ion a lithiamu mu electrolyte ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza mawonekedwe a chiŵerengero. Poganizira za porosity ndi pore kupindika, mtunda wosuntha wa ayoni mu pore ndi wochuluka kwambiri kuposa makulidwe a pepala.

(3) Chiŵerengero cha mphamvu zoipa-zabwino mphamvu N / P mphamvu zoipa kumatanthauzidwa motere:

N / P ayenera kukhala wamkulu kuposa 1.0, ambiri 1.04 ~ 1.20, amene makamaka mu chitetezo kamangidwe, kupewa zoipa mbali lifiyamu ayoni ku mpweya popanda kuvomereza gwero, kamangidwe kuganizira ndondomeko mphamvu, monga ❖ kuyanika kupatuka. Komabe, N / P ikakhala yayikulu kwambiri, batire imataya mphamvu yosasinthika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti batire ikhale yochepa komanso kutsika kwamphamvu kwa batire.

Kwa lithiamu titanate anode, mawonekedwe abwino a elekitirodi owonjezera amatengedwa, ndipo mphamvu ya batri imatsimikiziridwa ndi mphamvu ya lithiamu titanate anode. Mapangidwe abwino owonjezera amathandizira kuwongolera kutentha kwa batire: mpweya wotentha kwambiri umachokera ku electrode yoyipa. M'mapangidwe abwino owonjezera, kuthekera koyipa kumakhala kochepa, ndipo ndikosavuta kupanga filimu ya SEI pamwamba pa lithiamu titanate.

(4) Kachulukidwe kachulukidwe ndi porosity ya zokutira Popanga kupanga, kachulukidwe kakachulukidwe ka ma electrode a batri amawerengedwa motere. Poganizira kuti pamene pepala lamtengowo likukulungidwa, zitsulo zachitsulo zimatambasulidwa, kuchulukana kwapamwamba kwa chophimba pambuyo podzigudubuza kumawerengedwa ndi ndondomeko yotsatirayi.

Monga tanena kale, zokutira zimakhala ndi gawo la zinthu zamoyo, gawo lomatira kaboni ndi pore, ndipo porosity imatha kuwerengedwa ndi equation yotsatirayi.

Pakati pawo, kachulukidwe wapakati wa ❖ kuyanika ndi: lifiyamu batire elekitirodi ndi mtundu wa particles ufa ❖ kuyanika, chifukwa ufa tinthu pamwamba akhakula, wosasamba mawonekedwe, pamene kudzikundikira, particles pakati particles ndi particles, ndi particles lokha ming'alu ndi pores; kotero ufa buku kuphatikizapo ufa voliyumu, pores pakati pa tinthu ufa ndi particles, Choncho, lolingana zosiyanasiyana elekitirodi ❖ kuyanika kachulukidwe ndi porosity kuimira. Kuchulukana kwa tinthu tating'ono ta ufa kumatanthauza kuchuluka kwa ufa pa voliyumu iliyonse. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ufa, amagawidwa m'mitundu itatu: kachulukidwe weniweni, kachulukidwe ka tinthu ndi kachulukidwe kachulukidwe. Ma density osiyanasiyana amafotokozedwa motere:

1. Kachulukidwe weniweni amatanthauza kachulukidwe kamene kamapezeka pogawa misa ya ufa ndi voliyumu (voliyumu yeniyeni) kupatula mipata yamkati ndi yakunja ya particles. Ndiko kuti, kachulukidwe ka nkhani yomwe idapezedwa pambuyo pochotsa voids yonse.
2. Kachulukidwe ka tinthu ting'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ta tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagawanitsa ufa wogawanika ndi voliyumu ya tinthu kuphatikiza dzenje lotseguka ndi dzenje lotsekedwa. Ndiko kuti, kusiyana pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, koma osati ma pores abwino mkati mwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kachulukidwe ka particles okha.
3. Kachulukidwe kachulukidwe, ndiko kuti, kachulukidwe ka ❖ kuyanika, kumatanthawuza kachulukidwe kamene kamapezeka ndi ufa wogawanika ndi kuchuluka kwa zokutira zopangidwa ndi ufa. Voliyumu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito imaphatikizapo pores a particles okha ndi voids pakati pa particles.

Kwa ufa womwewo, kachulukidwe weniweni> kachulukidwe kakang'ono> kachulukidwe kazinthu. The porosity wa ufa ndi chiŵerengero cha pores mu ufa tinthu ❖ kuyanika, ndiko kuti, chiŵerengero cha voliyumu wopanda kanthu pakati pa particles ufa ndi pores wa particles kwa okwana voliyumu ❖ kuyanika, amene ambiri anasonyeza. monga peresenti. The porosity wa ufa ndi mabuku mabuku zokhudzana particle morphology, pamwamba boma, tinthu kukula ndi tinthu kukula kugawa. Porosity yake imakhudza mwachindunji kulowetsedwa kwa electrolyte ndi lithiamu ion transmission. Kawirikawiri, kukula kwa porosity, kulowetsedwa kwa electrolyte kosavuta, komanso kuthamanga kwa lithiamu ion kufala. Choncho, pakupanga batire ya lithiamu, nthawi zina kuti mudziwe porosity, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi njira ya mercury pressure, gasi adsorption njira, etc. Ikhozanso kupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito kuwerengera kachulukidwe. The porosity imathanso kukhala ndi tanthauzo losiyana mukamagwiritsa ntchito kachulukidwe kosiyanasiyana powerengera. Pamene kachulukidwe ka porosity wa chinthu chamoyo, conductive wothandizira ndi binder amawerengedwa ndi kachulukidwe weniweni, porosity yowerengeka imaphatikizapo kusiyana pakati pa particles ndi kusiyana mkati mwa particles. Pamene porosity wa zinthu zamoyo, conductive wothandizira ndi binder amawerengedwa ndi tinthu kachulukidwe, ndi masamu porosity zikuphatikizapo kusiyana pakati pa particles, koma kusiyana mkati particles. Choncho, pore kukula kwa lifiyamu batire elekitirodi pepala komanso Mipikisano sikelo, zambiri kusiyana pakati pa particles ndi micron lonse kukula, pamene kusiyana mkati mwa particles ndi nanometer kwa submicron lonse. Mu ma elekitirodi a porous, ubale wazinthu zoyendera monga diffusivity yabwino ndi ma conductivity zitha kuwonetsedwa ndi zotsatirazi:

Kumene D0 imayimira kuchuluka kwa kufalikira (kuyendetsa) kwazinthu zomwezo, ε ndi gawo la voliyumu ya gawo lofananira, ndipo τ ndiko kupindika kozungulira kwa gawo lolingana. Muchitsanzo cha macroscopic homogeneous, ubale wa Bruggeman umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, kutenga coefficient ɑ = 1.5 kuyerekeza positivity ya porous electrode.

Electrolyte imadzazidwa ndi ma pores a porous electrodes, momwe ma ion a lithiamu amachitidwa kudzera mu electrolyte, ndipo makhalidwe a conduction a lithiamu amagwirizana kwambiri ndi porosity. Kuchuluka kwa porosity, kumapangitsa kuti gawo la electrolyte likhale lokwera kwambiri, komanso kuwonjezereka kwamphamvu kwa ayoni a lithiamu. Papepala labwino la elekitirodi, ma elekitironi amafalitsidwa kudzera mu gawo la zomatira kaboni, gawo la voliyumu ya gawo lomatira kaboni ndi kupindika kwa gawo la zomatira kaboni zimatsimikizira mwachindunji momwe ma elekitironi amayendera.

The porosity ndi voliyumu gawo la carbon zomatira gawo ndi zotsutsana, ndipo porosity lalikulu mosalephera kumabweretsa voliyumu gawo la carbon zomatira gawo, choncho, mphamvu conduction katundu wa lithiamu ayoni ndi ma elekitironi nawonso zotsutsana, monga momwe chithunzi 2. .Pamene porosity imachepa, mphamvu ya lithiamu ion imachepetsa pamene ma elekitironi akugwira bwino ntchito akuwonjezeka. Momwe mungagwirizanitse ziwirizi ndizofunikiranso pamapangidwe a electrode.

Chithunzi 2 Chithunzi chojambula cha porosity ndi lithiamu ion ndi electron conductivity

2. Mtundu ndi kuzindikira zolakwika za mzati

 

Pakali pano, pokonzekera batire mzati kukonzekera, ukadaulo wochulukirachulukira wodziwikiratu pa intaneti amatengera, kuti athe kuzindikira zolakwika zopanga zinthu, kuchotsa zinthu zopanda pake, ndikuyankha munthawi yake pamzere wopanga, zosintha zokha kapena zamanja pakupanga. ndondomeko, kuchepetsa mlingo cholakwika.

Matekinoloje ozindikira pa intaneti omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mapepala amaphatikiza kuzindikiritsa mawonekedwe a slurry, kuzindikira mtundu wa pepala, kuzindikira kukula kwake ndi zina zotero, mwachitsanzo: (1) mita ya viscosity yapaintaneti imayikidwa mwachindunji mu thanki yosungiramo zokutira kuti izindikire zamatsenga. makhalidwe a slurry mu nthawi yeniyeni, Yesani kukhazikika kwa slurry; (2) Kugwiritsa X-ray kapena β -ray mu ❖ kuyanika ndondomeko, Kulondola kwake mkulu muyeso, Koma cheza lalikulu, mkulu mtengo wa zipangizo ndi kukonza vuto; (3) Laser Intaneti makulidwe muyeso luso umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza makulidwe a pepala mzati, Kulondola muyeso akhoza kufika ± 1. 0 μ m, Ikhozanso kusonyeza kusintha kwa makulidwe a makulidwe ndi makulidwe mu nthawi yeniyeni, Kuthandizira kutsata deta. ndi kusanthula; (4) CCD masomphenya luso, Ndiko kuti, mzere khamu CCD ntchito jambulani chinthu kuyeza, Real-nthawi fano processing ndi kusanthula siyana chilema, Kuzindikira si zowononga Intaneti kudziwika kwa pole pepala pamwamba.

Monga chida chowongolera khalidwe, ukadaulo woyezera pa intaneti ndiwofunikiranso kumvetsetsa kulumikizana pakati pa zolakwika ndi magwiridwe antchito a batri, kuti mudziwe zoyenera / zosayenera pazogulitsa zomwe zatha.

Pamapeto pake, njira yatsopano yodziwira luso lapamwamba la teknoloji ya lithiamu-ion batire, ukadaulo wa infrared thermal imaging ndi ubale pakati pa zolakwika zosiyanasiyanazi ndi magwiridwe antchito a electrochemical zimayambitsidwa mwachidule.consult D. Mohanty Kafukufuku wozama ndi Mohanty et al.

(1) Zowonongeka zodziwika pa pepala lamtengo

Chithunzi cha 3 chikuwonetsa zolakwika zomwe zimachitika pamtunda wa electrode ya batri ya lithiamu ion, ndi chithunzi cha kuwala kumanzere ndi chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi chithunzithunzi chotentha kumanja.

Chithunzi 3 Zowonongeka zodziwika pamwamba pa pepala lamtengo: (a, b) envulopu yophulika / kuphatikiza; (c, d) kugwetsa zinthu / dzenje; (e, f) zitsulo zakunja; (g, h) zokutira zosagwirizana

 

(A, b) zokulirapo / zophatikiza, zolakwika zotere zitha kuchitika ngati slurry chitagwedezeka mofanana kapena kuthamanga kwa zokutira sikukhazikika. Kuphatikizika kwa zomatira ndi carbon black conductive agents kumabweretsa kutsika kwazinthu zogwira ntchito komanso kulemera kwa mapiritsi a polar.

 

(c, d) dontho / pinhole, malo olakwikawa samakutidwa ndipo nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi thovu mu slurry. Amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zogwira ntchito ndikuwulula wosonkhanitsa ku electrolyte, motero amachepetsa mphamvu ya electrochemical.

 

(E, f) zitsulo matupi akunja, slurry kapena zitsulo matupi achilendo anayambitsa zida ndi chilengedwe, ndi zitsulo matupi akunja zingachititse kuvulaza kwambiri mabatire lifiyamu. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'onoting'ono timawononga diaphragm, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kagawo kakang'ono pakati pa ma elekitirodi abwino ndi oyipa, omwe ndi gawo lalifupi la thupi. Kuonjezera apo, pamene zitsulo zakunja zimasakanikirana ndi electrode yabwino, mphamvu yabwino imawonjezeka pambuyo pa kulipira, zitsulo zimathetsa, zimafalikira kudzera mu electrolyte, ndiyeno zimadutsa pamtunda woipa, ndipo potsiriza puncture diaphragm, kupanga dera lalifupi, chomwe ndi chemical kuvunda short circuit. Matupi odziwika kwambiri akunja pafakitale ya batri ndi Fe, Cu, Zn, Al, Sn, SUS, ndi zina.

 

(G, h) ❖ kuyanika, monga slurry kusanganikirana sikokwanira, tinthu fineness n'zosavuta kuoneka mikwingwirima pamene tinthu ndi lalikulu, chifukwa mu ❖ kuyanika osagwirizana, zomwe zingakhudze kugwirizana kwa mphamvu batire, ndipo ngakhale kuoneka kwathunthu. palibe ❖ kuyanika mzere, zimakhudza mphamvu ndi chitetezo.

(2) Pole chip surface defect discovering technology Infrared (IR) thermal imaging technology imagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira zolakwika zazing'ono pamaelekitirodi owuma omwe angawononge magwiridwe antchito a mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Pa kudziwika pa intaneti, ngati chilema cha electrode kapena choyipitsidwa chapezeka, chilembeni pa pepala lamitengo, chichotseni munjira yotsatila, ndikuyankhanso pamzere wopanga, ndikusintha njirayo munthawi yake kuti muchotse zolakwikazo. Kuwala kwa infrared ndi mtundu wa mafunde a electromagnetic omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe chofanana ndi mafunde a wailesi ndi kuwala kowoneka. Chipangizo chapadera chamagetsi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutembenuza kutentha kwa pamwamba pa chinthu kukhala chithunzi chowonekera cha diso la munthu, ndikuwonetsa kutentha kwa pamwamba pa chinthu chamitundu yosiyanasiyana kumatchedwa teknoloji ya infrared thermal imaging. Chipangizo chamagetsi chimenechi chimatchedwa infrared thermal imager. Zinthu zonse zomwe zili pamwamba pa zero (-273 ℃) zimatulutsa ma radiation a infrared.
Monga tawonera m'chithunzi 4, kamera ya infrared thermal approximator (IR Camera) imagwiritsa ntchito chowunikira cha infrared ndi cholinga choyerekeza kuvomereza mphamvu ya infrared radiation ya chinthu chomwe chapimidwa ndikuchiwonetsera pa chithunzi cha chowunikira cha infrared kuti ipeze chithunzi cha matenthedwe a infuraredi, chomwe chimagwirizana ndi gawo logawa matenthedwe pamtunda wa chinthucho. Pakakhala vuto pamwamba pa chinthu, kutentha kumasinthasintha m'deralo. Choncho, teknolojiyi ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuti azindikire zolakwika zomwe zili pamwamba pa chinthucho, makamaka choyenera pazovuta zina zomwe sizingasiyanitsidwe ndi njira zowunikira. Pamene electrode yowumitsa ya batri ya lithiamu ion imapezeka pa intaneti, electrode electrode imayatsidwa ndi kung'anima koyamba, kutentha kwa pamwamba kumasintha, ndiyeno kutentha kwapansi kumadziwika ndi chithunzithunzi cha kutentha. Chithunzi chogawa kutentha chikuwonekera, ndipo chithunzicho chimakonzedwa ndikuwunikidwa mu nthawi yeniyeni kuti azindikire zolakwika zapamtunda ndikuzilemba mu nthawi.D. Mohanty Kafukufukuyu adayika chojambula chotenthetsera pamalo otulutsira ng'anjo ya coater kuti azindikire kutentha kwa chithunzi cha pepala la electrode.

Chithunzi 5 (a) ndi mapu ogawa kutentha kwa malo okutira a NMC positive pole sheet ozindikiridwa ndi chojambula chotenthetsera, chomwe chili ndi vuto laling'ono lomwe silingasiyanitsidwe ndi maso. Mapiritsi ogawa kutentha omwe amagwirizana ndi gawo lanjira akuwonetsedwa muzolowera mkati, ndi kukwera kwa kutentha pamalo olakwika. Mu Chithunzi 5 (b), kutentha kumawonjezeka kwanuko mubokosi lofananira, lolingana ndi chilema cha pepala lamtengo. CHITH. 6 ndi pamwamba kutentha kugawa chithunzi cha negative elekitirodi pepala kusonyeza kukhalapo kwa zolakwika, kumene nsonga ya kutentha kumawonjezeka limafanana kuwira kapena akaphatikiza, ndi dera kutentha amachepetsa limafanana pinhole kapena dontho.

Chithunzi 5 Kutentha kwa kutentha kwa pepala labwino la electrode pamwamba

Chithunzi 6 Kutentha kwa kutentha kwa ma elekitirodi olakwika pamwamba

 

Zitha kuwoneka kuti kutentha kwa chithunzithunzi cha kutentha kwa kugawa kutentha ndi njira yabwino yodziwira zolakwika zamtengo wapatali, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito poyang'anira khalidwe la kupanga mapepala.3. Zotsatira za kuwonongeka kwa ma pole sheet pakugwira ntchito kwa batri

 

(1) Kukhudzika kwa kuchuluka kwa batire ndi mphamvu ya Coulomb

Chithunzi 7 chikuwonetsa mphamvu yopindika ya aggregate ndi pinhole pa batire yochulukitsira mphamvu komanso mphamvu ya coulen. Kuphatikizikako kumatha kukweza mphamvu ya batri, koma kumachepetsa mphamvu ya coulen. Pinhole imachepetsa mphamvu ya batri komanso mphamvu ya Kulun, ndipo mphamvu ya Kulun imachepa kwambiri.

Chithunzi 7 cathode aggregate ndi pinhole zotsatira pa mphamvu batire ndi dzuwa la chithunzi 8 ndi ❖ kuyanika osagwirizana, ndi zitsulo zakunja thupi Co ndi Al pa mphamvu batire ndi zotsatira za dzuwa pamapindikira, ❖ kuyanika osagwirizana kuchepetsa batire unit misa mphamvu 10% - 20%, koma mphamvu yonse ya batire idatsika ndi 60%, izi zikuwonetsa kuti misa yamoyo mugawo la polar idachepetsedwa kwambiri. Metal Co yachilendo thupi yafupika mphamvu ndi mphamvu Coulomb, ngakhale 2C ndi 5C mkulu makulitsidwe, palibe mphamvu konse, amene angakhale chifukwa cha mapangidwe zitsulo Co mu electrochemical anachita lifiyamu ndi lifiyamu ophatikizidwa, kapena mwina zitsulo particles. kutsekereza pore ya diaphragm kunayambitsa micro short circuit.

Chithunzi 8 Zotsatira za zokutira zabwino zama elekitirodi ndi matupi akunja achitsulo Co ndi Al pa mphamvu yochulutsa batire ndikuchita bwino kwa coulen

Chidule cha zolakwika za pepala la cathode: Zakudya zomwe zili papepala la cathode zimachepetsa mphamvu ya Coulomb ya batri. Phini la zokutira zabwino limachepetsa mphamvu ya Coulomb, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ochulukitsa asamachite bwino, makamaka pakuchulukirachulukira kwapano. Kupaka kosiyanasiyana kunawonetsa kusachita bwino pakukulitsa. Zowononga tinthu tating'onoting'ono zimatha kuyambitsa mabwalo ang'onoang'ono, motero amachepetsa mphamvu ya batri.
Chithunzi 9 chikuwonetsa kukhudzidwa kwa chojambula chotayirira choyipa pakuchulutsa mphamvu komanso mphamvu ya Kulun ya batire. Pamene kutayikira kumachitika pa electrode yolakwika, mphamvu ya batri imachepetsedwa kwambiri, koma mphamvu ya gramu sizowoneka bwino, ndipo zotsatira za Kulun ndizofunika kwambiri.

 

Chithunzi 9 Kukokera kwa foil yosokoneza ma elekitirodi pa mphamvu yochulukitsira batire ndi Kulun (2) Mphamvu pa kachitidwe ka batire yochulutsa batire Chithunzi 10 ndi zotsatira za chikoka cha ma elekitirodi pamtunda pa batire yochulutsa batire. Zotsatira zake zikufupikitsidwa motere:
Egregation: pa 2C, mphamvu yokonza mphamvu zozungulira 200 ndi 70% ndipo batire yolakwika ndi 12%, pamene mu 5C cycle, mphamvu yokonza mphamvu ya 200 ndi 50% ndipo batire yolakwika ndi 14%.
Needlehole: mphamvu attenuation ndi zodziwikiratu, koma palibe akaphatikiza chilema attenuation mofulumira, ndi mphamvu kukonza mlingo wa 200 m'zinthu 2C ndi 5C ndi 47% ndi 40%, motero.
Chitsulo chachilendo chachilendo: mphamvu ya chitsulo Co thupi lachilendo pafupifupi 0 pambuyo pa maulendo angapo, ndipo mphamvu ya 5C ya zitsulo zakunja zakunja zachitsulo Al zojambulazo zimachepa kwambiri.
Mzere wotayikira: Pamalo otayikira omwewo, mphamvu ya batri ya mikwingwirima yaying'ono ingapo imachepa mwachangu kuposa mizere yayikulu (47% pamizere 200 mu 5C) (7% pamizere 200 mu 5C). Izi zikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa mikwingwirima kumapangitsa kuti batire iwonongeke kwambiri.

Chithunzi 10 Zotsatira za kuwonongeka kwa pepala la elekitirodi pamtunda wama cell

 

Ref.: [1] Kuwunika kosawonongeka kwa slot-die-coated lithiamu secondary batteryelectrodes ndi in-line laser caliper ndi IR thermography njira [J].ANALYTICALMETHODS.2014, 6(3): 674-683.[2]Zotsatira za kuwonongeka kwa ma elekitirodi pamagetsi a electrochemical performance oflithium-ion mabatire: Kuzindikira magwero a batri akulephera [J] .Journal of Power Sources.2016, 312: 70-79.