XR idanenapo mphekesera kuti Apple ikupanga chipangizo chovala cha XR kapena chokhala ndi chiwonetsero cha OLED.

Malinga ndi malipoti atolankhani, Apple ikuyembekezeka kumasula chipangizo chake choyamba cha wearable augmented reality (AR) kapena virtual reality (VR) mu 2022 kapena 2023. Ambiri ogulitsa angakhale ku Taiwan, monga TSMC, Largan, Yecheng, ndi Pegatron. Apple ikhoza kugwiritsa ntchito chomera chake choyesera ku Taiwan kuti ipange chiwonetserochi. Makampaniwa akuyembekeza kuti zochitika zowoneka bwino za Apple zipangitsa kuti msika wakutali (XR) uchoke. Chilengezo cha chipangizo cha Apple ndi malipoti okhudzana ndi ukadaulo wa XR wa chipangizocho (AR, VR, kapena MR) sizinatsimikizidwe. Koma Apple yawonjezera mapulogalamu a AR pa iPhone ndi iPad ndikuyambitsa nsanja ya ARKit kwa omanga kuti apange mapulogalamu a AR. M'tsogolomu, Apple ikhoza kupanga chipangizo chovala cha XR, kupanga mgwirizano ndi iPhone ndi iPad, ndikukulitsa pang'onopang'ono AR kuchokera kuzinthu zamalonda kupita kuzinthu za ogula.

Malinga ndi nkhani zaku Korea, Apple idalengeza pa Novembara 18 kuti ikupanga chipangizo cha XR chomwe chili ndi "OLED chiwonetsero." OLED (OLED pa Silicon, OLED pa Silicon) ndi chiwonetsero chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito OLED pambuyo popanga ma pixel ndi ma driver pa silicon wafer substrate. Chifukwa chaukadaulo wa semiconductor, kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri kumatha kuchitika, ndikuyika ma pixel ochulukirapo. Chiwonetsero chodziwika bwino ndi ma pixel mazana inchi (PPI). Mosiyana ndi izi, OLEDoS imatha kukwaniritsa ma pixelisi masauzande pa inchi PPI. Popeza zida za XR zimayang'ana pafupi ndi diso, ziyenera kuthandizira kusamvana kwakukulu. Apple ikukonzekera kukhazikitsa chiwonetsero chapamwamba cha OLED chokhala ndi PPI yapamwamba.

Chithunzi chojambula chamutu wa Apple (chithunzi chazithunzi: Internet)

Apple ikukonzekeranso kugwiritsa ntchito masensa a TOF pazida zake za XR. TOF ndi sensa yomwe imatha kuyeza mtunda ndi mawonekedwe a chinthu choyezedwa. Ndikofunika kuzindikira zenizeni zenizeni (VR) ndi zenizeni zenizeni (AR).

Zikumveka kuti Apple ikugwira ntchito ndi Sony, LG Display, ndi LG Innotek kulimbikitsa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha zigawo zikuluzikulu. Zimamveka kuti ntchito yachitukuko ikuchitika; m'malo mongofufuza zamakono ndi chitukuko, kuthekera kwa malonda ake ndikokwera kwambiri. Malinga ndi Bloomberg News, Apple ikukonzekera kukhazikitsa zida za XR mu theka lachiwiri la chaka chamawa.

Samsung ikuyang'ananso kwambiri pazida za XR za m'badwo wotsatira. Samsung Electronics idayika ndalama zake kupanga magalasi a "DigiLens" a magalasi anzeru. Ngakhale silinaulule kuchuluka kwa ndalama, ikuyembekezeka kukhala mtundu wa magalasi okhala ndi chinsalu chokhala ndi lens yapadera. Samsung Electro-Mechanics idatenganso nawo gawo pakugulitsa kwa DigiLens.

Zovuta zomwe Apple ikukumana nazo popanga zida zovala za XR.

Zida zovala za AR kapena VR zimaphatikizanso zinthu zitatu: chiwonetsero ndi chiwonetsero, makina omvera, ndi kuwerengera.

Maonekedwe a zida zovala ziyenera kuganiziranso zinthu zina monga kutonthozedwa ndi kuvomerezeka, monga kulemera ndi kukula kwa chipangizocho. Mapulogalamu a XR omwe ali pafupi ndi dziko lapansi nthawi zambiri amafunikira mphamvu zambiri zamakompyuta kuti apange zinthu zenizeni, kotero kuti magwiridwe antchito awo apakompyuta ayenera kukhala apamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, kutaya kutentha ndi mabatire amkati a XR kumachepetsanso mapangidwe aukadaulo. Zoletsa izi zimagwiranso ntchito pazida za AR zomwe zili pafupi ndi dziko lenileni. Moyo wa batri wa XR wa Microsoft HoloLens 2 (566g) ndi maola 2-3 okha. Kulumikiza zipangizo zovala (tethering) kuzinthu zamakompyuta zakunja (monga mafoni a m'manja kapena makompyuta aumwini) kapena magwero a mphamvu angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati yankho, koma izi zidzachepetsa kuyenda kwa zipangizo zovala.

Ponena za makina omvera, pamene zipangizo zambiri za VR zimagwiritsa ntchito makompyuta a anthu, kulondola kwawo makamaka kumadalira wolamulira m'manja mwawo, makamaka m'maseŵera, kumene ntchito yolondolera yoyenda imadalira chipangizo cha inertia (IMU). Zipangizo za AR zimagwiritsa ntchito malo olumikizirana aulere, monga kuzindikira mawu achilengedwe komanso kuwongolera kamvekedwe ka manja. Zida zapamwamba monga Microsoft HoloLens zimaperekanso masomphenya a makina ndi ntchito zakuya za 3D, zomwenso ndi madera omwe Microsoft yakhala bwino kuyambira Xbox inayambitsa Kinect.

Poyerekeza ndi zida zotha kuvala za AR, zitha kukhala zosavuta kupanga zolumikizirana ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ndikuwonetsa zowonetsera pazida za VR chifukwa sipakufunikanso kuganizira zakunja kapena mphamvu ya kuwala kozungulira. Chowongolera cham'manja chingathenso kupezeka mosavuta kuposa mawonekedwe a makina amunthu akakhala opanda manja. Oyang'anira m'manja amatha kugwiritsa ntchito IMU, koma kuwongolera kwa manja ndi kuzindikira kwakuya kwa 3D kumadalira luso lapamwamba laukadaulo waukadaulo ndi ma algorithms owonera, ndiko kuti, masomphenya a makina.

Chipangizo cha VR chiyenera kutetezedwa kuti chiteteze chilengedwe chenichenicho kuti zisakhudze chiwonetsero. Zowonetsera za VR zitha kukhala zowonetsera za LTPS TFT zamadzimadzi za crystal, zowonetsera za LTPS AMOLED zotsika mtengo komanso ogulitsa ambiri, kapena zowonetsera za silicon-based OLED (micro OLED). Ndizotsika mtengo kugwiritsa ntchito chiwonetsero chimodzi (pamaso akumanzere ndi kumanja), chachikulu ngati chowonetsera foni yam'manja kuyambira mainchesi 5 mpaka 6 mainchesi. Komabe, mapangidwe amtundu wapawiri (osiyanitsidwa kumanzere ndi maso akumanja) amapereka kusintha kwamtunda wa interpupillary (IPD) ndi kuwonera (FOV).

Kuphatikiza apo, popeza ogwiritsa ntchito akupitilizabe kuwonera makanema opangidwa ndi makompyuta, kutsika pang'ono (zithunzi zosalala, zoteteza kusokoneza) komanso kukhazikika kwapamwamba (kuchotsa mawonekedwe a chitseko cha chitseko) ndi njira zachitukuko zowonetsera. Mawonedwe owonetsera a chipangizo cha VR ndi chinthu chapakati pakati pawonetsero ndi maso a wogwiritsa ntchito. Chifukwa chake, makulidwe (chida cha mawonekedwe achipangizo) amachepetsedwa komanso abwino kwambiri pamapangidwe owoneka ngati magalasi a Fresnel. Mawonekedwe ake amatha kukhala ovuta.

Ponena za zowonetsera za AR, ambiri aiwo ndi ma silicon-based microdisplays. Ukadaulo wowonetsa umaphatikizapo kristalo wamadzi pa silicon (LCOS), digito yowunikira kuwala (DLP) kapena chida chagalasi cha digito (DMD), kusanthula kwa laser beam (LBS), silicon-based micro OLED, ndi silicon-based micro-LED (micro-LED pa silicon). Kuti mupewe kusokonezedwa kwa kuwala kozungulira kozungulira, chiwonetsero cha AR chiyenera kukhala chowala kwambiri kuposa 10Knits (poganizira kutayika pambuyo pa waveguide, 100Knits ndiyabwino kwambiri). Ngakhale ndikungotulutsa kuwala, LCOS, DLP ndi LBS zitha kukulitsa kuwala powonjezera kuwala kwamagetsi (monga laser).

Chifukwa chake, anthu angakonde kugwiritsa ntchito ma LED ang'onoang'ono poyerekeza ndi ma OLED ang'onoang'ono. Koma pakupanga mitundu ndi kupanga, ukadaulo wa Micro-LED siwokhwima ngati ukadaulo wa OLED yaying'ono. Itha kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa WOLED (RGB color color for white light) kupanga ma RGB otulutsa ma OLED ang'onoang'ono. Komabe, palibe njira yolunjika yopangira ma micro LED. Zolinga zomwe zingatheke zikuphatikiza kutembenuka kwa mtundu wa Plessey's Quantum Dot (QD) (mogwirizana ndi Nanoco), Ostendo's Quantum Photon Imager (QPI) yopangidwa ndi RGB stack, ndi JBD's X-cube (kuphatikiza tchipisi ta RGB).

Ngati zida za Apple zitengera njira ya kanema see-through (VST), Apple imatha kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wokhwima wa OLED. Ngati chipangizo cha Apple chimachokera ku njira yowona molunjika (optical see-through, OST), Sizingapewe kusokonezedwa kwa kuwala kozungulira, ndipo kuwala kwa micro OLED kungakhale kochepa. Zida zambiri za AR zimakumana ndi vuto losokoneza lomwelo, mwina chifukwa chake Microsoft HoloLens 2 idasankha LBS m'malo mwa OLED yaying'ono.

Zida zowoneka bwino (monga waveguide kapena Fresnel lens) zomwe zimafunikira popanga mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono sizowongoka kwambiri kuposa kupanga mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono. Ngati itengera njira ya VST, Apple imatha kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a pancake-style optical (kuphatikiza) kuti akwaniritse zida zingapo zowonetsera zazing'ono komanso zowonera. Kutengera njira ya OST, mutha kusankha mawonekedwe osambira kapena osambira a mbalame. Ubwino wa mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a waveguide ndikuti mawonekedwe ake ndi ochepa komanso ochepa. Komabe, ma waveguide optics ali ndi mawonekedwe ofooka ozungulira a ma microdisplays ndipo amatsagana ndi zovuta zina monga kupotoza, kufanana, mtundu wamtundu, ndi kusiyanitsa. The diffractive optical element (DOE), holographic optical element (HOE), ndi reflective optical element (ROE) ndi njira zazikulu zopangira ma waveguide visual design. Apple idapeza Akonia Holographics mu 2018 kuti ipeze ukadaulo wake waukadaulo.