Mfundo ya 3.7V lithiamu batire yoteteza bolodi - kusanthula kwa mfundo zoyambira ndi ma voltage a lithiamu batire

Kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire osiyanasiyana

Cholinga chopanga ukadaulo wapamwamba ndikupangitsa kuti zithandizire bwino anthu. Kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1990, mabatire a lithiamu-ion awonjezeka chifukwa chakuchita bwino kwambiri ndipo akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakati pa anthu. Mabatire a lithiamu-ion adatenga mwachangu minda yambiri yokhala ndi zabwino zosayerekezeka kuposa mabatire ena, monga mafoni odziwika bwino, makompyuta apakompyuta, makamera ang'onoang'ono a kanema, ndi zina zambiri. Mayiko ochulukirapo amagwiritsa ntchito batire iyi pazolinga zankhondo. Kugwiritsa ntchito kukuwonetsa kuti batire ya lithiamu-ion ndi gwero lamphamvu laling'ono lobiriwira.

Chachiwiri, zigawo zikuluzikulu za mabatire a lithiamu-ion

(1) Chivundikiro cha batri

(2) Zinthu zabwino za electrode-active ndi lithiamu cobalt oxide

(3) Diaphragm - nembanemba yapadera yokhala ndi zinthu zambiri

(4) Negative electrode-chinthu chogwira ntchito ndi carbon

(5) Organic electrolyte

(6) Botolo la batri

Chachitatu, magwiridwe antchito apamwamba a mabatire a lithiamu-ion

(1) Mphamvu yogwira ntchito kwambiri

(2) Mphamvu zazikulu zenizeni

(3) Moyo wautali wozungulira

(4) Kutsika kwamadzimadzi

(5) Palibe kukumbukira

(6) Palibe kuipitsa

Zinayi, mtundu wa batri ya lithiamu ndi kusankha kwa mphamvu

Choyamba, werengerani nthawi yopitilira yomwe batire ikuyenera kupereka potengera mphamvu ya mota yanu (imafuna mphamvu yeniyeni, ndipo nthawi zambiri, liwiro lokwera limafanana ndi mphamvu yeniyeni). Mwachitsanzo, tiyerekeze kuti injiniyo imakhala ndi mphamvu ya 20a (1000w motor pa 48v). Zikatero, batire iyenera kupereka 20a yapano kwa nthawi yayitali. Kutentha kwa kutentha kumakhala kozama (ngakhale kutentha kuli madigiri 35 kunja kwa chilimwe, kutentha kwa batri kumayendetsedwa bwino pansi pa madigiri 50). Komanso, ngati panopa ndi 20a pa 48v, overpressure kawiri (96v, monga CPU 3), ndipo mosalekeza panopa adzafika pafupifupi 50a. Ngati mumakonda kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi ochulukirapo kwa nthawi yayitali, chonde sankhani batire yomwe imatha kupereka 50a nthawi zonse (musamalirebe kukwera kwa kutentha). Kuchulukirachulukira kwa namondwe pano si mphamvu yotulutsa batire ya wamalonda. Wamalonda amanena kuti ma C ochepa (kapena mazana a ma amperes) ndi mphamvu yotulutsa batri, ndipo ngati itatulutsidwa panthawiyi, batire imatulutsa kutentha kwakukulu. Ngati kutentha sikumatayika mokwanira, moyo wa batri udzakhala wachidule. (Ndipo malo a batri a magalimoto athu amagetsi ndi chakuti mabatire amawunjika ndikutulutsidwa. Kwenikweni, palibe mipata yomwe imasiyidwa, ndipo zoyikapo zimakhala zolimba kwambiri, osasiya momwe mungakakamizire kuzizira kwa mpweya kuti muthe kutentha). Malo omwe timagwiritsa ntchito ndi ovuta kwambiri. Kutulutsa kwa batri kuyenera kuchepetsedwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito. Kuwunika momwe batire ikutulutsa ndikutha kuwona kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa batire panthawiyi.

Mfundo yokhayo yomwe ikukambidwa pano ndi kutentha kwa batri panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito (kutentha kwakukulu ndi mdani wakupha wa moyo wa batri la lithiamu). Ndi bwino kulamulira kutentha kwa batri pansi pa madigiri 50. (Pakati pa 20-30 madigiri ndi abwino). Izi zikutanthawuzanso kuti ngati ndi mphamvu yamtundu wa lifiyamu batire (yotulutsidwa m'munsimu 0.5C), kutulutsa kosalekeza kwa 20a kumafuna mphamvu yoposa 40ah (zowona, chinthu chofunika kwambiri chimadalira kukana kwa batri mkati). Ngati ndi batire ya lithiamu yamphamvu, ndi chizolowezi chotulutsa mosalekeza malinga ndi 1C. Ngakhale A123 kopitilira muyeso-otsika mkati kukana mphamvu lifiyamu batire zambiri bwino kuchotsa pa 1C (osapitirira 2C ndi bwino, 2C kumaliseche angagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa theka la ola, ndipo si zothandiza kwambiri). Kusankhidwa kwa mphamvu kumadalira kukula kwa malo osungira galimoto, bajeti ya ndalama zaumwini, ndi ntchito zomwe zimayembekezeredwa zamagalimoto. (Kutha pang'ono nthawi zambiri kumafuna mphamvu yamtundu wa lithiamu batire)

5. Kusanthula ndi kusonkhanitsa mabatire

Choyipa chachikulu chogwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lithiamu motsatizana ndi kusalinganika kwakukulu kwa batire yodziyimitsa yokha. Malingana ngati aliyense ali wopanda malire mofanana, zili bwino. Vuto ndilakuti dziko lino silikhazikika mwadzidzidzi. Batire yabwino imakhala ndi kutulutsa pang'ono, mkuntho woyipa umakhala ndi kutulutsa kwakukulu, ndipo mkhalidwe womwe kudzitulutsa sikochepa kapena kulibe nthawi zambiri kumasinthidwa kuchoka ku zabwino kupita zoyipa. Boma, njirayi ndi yosakhazikika. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana mabatire ndikudziyimitsa kwakukulu ndikusiya batire yokhayokhayokhayokhayokha (nthawi zambiri, kutulutsa kwazinthu zoyenerera kumakhala kochepa, ndipo wopanga adayezera, ndipo vuto ndilakuti. zinthu zambiri zosayenerera zimalowa pamsika).

Kutengera kutulutsa kocheperako, sankhani mndandanda wokhala ndi mphamvu zofanana. Ngakhale mphamvu sizili zofanana, sizingakhudze moyo wa batri, koma zidzakhudza mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya paketi yonse ya batri. Mwachitsanzo, mabatire 15 ali ndi mphamvu ya 20ah, ndipo batri imodzi yokha ndi 18ah, kotero mphamvu yonse ya gulu ili la mabatire ikhoza kukhala 18ah yokha. Kumapeto kwa ntchito, batire idzakhala yakufa, ndipo bolodi la chitetezo lidzatetezedwa. Mpweya wa batri yonseyo udakali wokwera kwambiri (chifukwa magetsi a mabatire ena 15 ndi ofanana, ndipo pali magetsi). Chifukwa chake, voteji yoteteza kutulutsa kwa paketi yonse ya batri imatha kudziwa ngati mphamvu ya paketi yonse ya batri ndi yofanana (malinga kuti batire iliyonse iyenera kulipiritsidwa kwathunthu batire yonseyo ikatha). Mwachidule, mphamvu zopanda malire sizimakhudza moyo wa batri koma zimangokhudza luso la gulu lonse, choncho yesani kusankha msonkhano wokhala ndi digiri yofanana.

Batire yosonkhanitsidwa iyenera kukwaniritsa kukana kwa ohmic pakati pa ma electrode. Zing'onozing'ono kukana kukhudzana pakati pa waya ndi electrode, ndibwino; apo ayi, elekitirodi ndi kwambiri kukhudzana kukana adzatenthetsa. Kutentha kumeneku kudzasamutsidwa mkati mwa batire limodzi ndi electrode ndikukhudza moyo wa batri. Zoonadi, chiwonetsero cha kukana kwakukulu kwa msonkhano ndikutsika kwakukulu kwamagetsi a paketi ya batri pansi pa kutulutsa komweko. (Mbali ya kutsika kwamagetsi ndi kukana kwamkati kwa selo, ndipo gawo lina ndilo kukana kolumikizana ndi kukana waya)

Chachisanu ndi chimodzi, kusankha bolodi lachitetezo ndikulipiritsa ndi kutulutsa nkhani

(Deta ndi ya lithiamu iron phosphate batire, mfundo ya batire wamba 3.7v ndi yofanana, koma zambiri ndizosiyana)

Cholinga cha bolodi lachitetezo ndikuteteza batire kuti lisapitirire mochulukira komanso kuthamangitsidwa mopitilira muyeso, kuletsa kuchuluka kwamphamvu kuti lisawononge chimphepo ndikuwongolera mphamvu ya batire pomwe batire yachangidwa (kuthekera kolumikizana nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa, kotero ngati pali bolodi lodzitchinjiriza la batri lodzitchinjiriza, ndilopadera Ndizovuta kulinganiza, ndipo palinso matabwa oteteza omwe amayenderana mumtundu uliwonse, ndiye kuti, chipukuta misozi imachitika kuyambira poyambira kulipiritsa, zomwe zikuwoneka kuti ndizosowa).

Kwa moyo wa batire paketi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti voteji yothamangitsa batire isapitirire 3.6v nthawi iliyonse, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chitetezo chachitetezo cha bolodi sichili chokwera kuposa 3.6v, ndipo voteji yoyenera ikuyenera kukhala 3.4v-3.5v (selo lililonse la 3.4v laperekedwa kuposa 99 % Battery, imatanthawuza dziko lokhazikika, voteji idzawonjezeka pamene ikuyitanitsa ndi mkulu wamakono). Mphamvu yamagetsi yoteteza kutulutsa kwa batri nthawi zambiri imakhala pamwamba pa 2.5v (pamwamba pa 2v si vuto lalikulu, nthawi zambiri palibe mwayi woigwiritsa ntchito popanda mphamvu, chifukwa chake izi sizokwera).

Ma voliyumu opitilira muyeso a charger (gawo lomaliza lolipiritsa lingakhale njira yothamangitsira voteji nthawi zonse) ndi 3.5 *, kuchuluka kwa zingwe, monga pafupifupi 56v pamizere 16. Nthawi zambiri, kulipiritsa kumatha kuzimitsidwa pa avareji ya 3.4v pa cell (yokhala yoyipitsidwa kwathunthu) kuti zitsimikizire moyo wa batri. Komabe, chifukwa bolodi lachitetezo silinayambe kulinganiza ngati maziko a batri ali ndi kudziletsa kwakukulu, adzachita monga gulu lonse pakapita nthawi; mphamvu imachepa pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuthira batire nthawi zonse ku 3.5v-3.6v (monga sabata iliyonse) ndikuisunga kwa maola angapo (malinga ngati avareji ndi yayikulu kuposa mphamvu yoyambira yamagetsi), ndikudziyimitsa kwambiri. , ndiye kuti kulinganiza kudzatenga nthawi yayitali. Mabatire odzitulutsa okha Okulirapo ndi ovuta kulinganiza ndipo amafunika kuchotsedwa. Chifukwa chake posankha bolodi loteteza, yesani kusankha chitetezo cha 3.6v overvoltage ndikuyamba kufananiza mozungulira 3.5v. (Zambiri za chitetezo cha overvoltage pamsika ndi pamwamba pa 3.8v, ndipo mgwirizano umapangidwa pamwamba pa 3.6v). Kusankha voteji yoyenera yoyambira ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa voteji yachitetezo chifukwa voteji yayikulu imatha kusinthidwa posintha malire a voteji ya charger (ndiko kuti, bolodi loteteza nthawi zambiri lilibe mwayi woteteza ma voltage apamwamba). Komabe, tiyerekeze kuti mphamvu yamagetsi ndiyokwera kwambiri. Zikatero, batire paketi ilibe mwayi wokwanira (pokhapokha Mphamvu yothamangitsira ili yayikulu kuposa mphamvu yamagetsi, koma izi zimakhudza moyo wa batri), cell imachepa pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha mphamvu yodziyimitsa yokha (selo loyenera lomwe lili ndi kudziletsa 0 kulibe).

The mosalekeza kutulutsa mphamvu panopa wa gulu chitetezo. Ichi ndiye chinthu choyipa kwambiri kuyankhapo. Chifukwa mphamvu zochepetsera za gulu lachitetezo zilibe tanthauzo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mulola chubu cha 75nf75 kuti chipitirire kupitirira 50a panopa (panthawiyi, mphamvu yotenthetsera ili pafupi 30w, osachepera awiri 60w mndandanda ndi bolodi lomwelo la doko), bola ngati pali kutentha kokwanira kuti zisawonongeke. kutentha, palibe vuto. Itha kusungidwa pa 50a kapena kupitilira apo osawotcha chubu. Koma simunganene kuti bolodi lotetezali limatha kukhala 50a pano chifukwa mapanelo ambiri oteteza aliyense amayikidwa mu bokosi la batri pafupi kwambiri ndi batire kapena kutseka. Choncho, kutentha kotereku kumatenthetsa batri ndikuwotcha. Vuto ndiloti kutentha kwakukulu ndi mdani wakupha wa mphepo yamkuntho.

Choncho, malo ogwiritsira ntchito bolodi lachitetezo amasankha momwe angasankhire malire omwe alipo (osati mphamvu zomwe zilipo panopa). Tiyerekeze kuti bolodi lachitetezo latulutsidwa mu bokosi la batri. Zikatero, pafupifupi bolodi lililonse lachitetezo lomwe lili ndi choyatsira kutentha limatha kupitilirabe 50a kapena kupitilira apo (panthawiyi, mphamvu ya bolodi yokhayo imaganiziridwa, ndipo palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa za kukwera kwa kutentha komwe kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa Battery cell). Kenaka, wolembayo akukamba za chilengedwe chomwe aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri, m'malo otsekedwa ndi batri. Panthawiyi, mphamvu yowonjezera yowonjezera ya bolodi yotetezera imayang'aniridwa bwino pansi pa 10w (ngati ndi bolodi laling'ono lotetezera, likufunika 5w kapena zochepa, ndipo bolodi lalikulu la chitetezo likhoza kukhala loposa 10w chifukwa lili ndi kutentha kwabwino kwa kutentha. ndipo kutentha sikudzakwera kwambiri). Ponena za momwe zilili zoyenera, tikulimbikitsidwa kupitiriza. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa bolodi lonse sikudutsa madigiri 60 pamene akugwiritsidwa ntchito (madigiri 50 ndi abwino). Mwachidziwitso, kutsika kwa kutentha kwa bolodi lachitetezo, kumakhala bwino, komanso kumakhudza ma cell.

Chifukwa bolodi lomwelo la doko limalumikizidwa motsatizana ndi ma mos opangira magetsi, kutulutsa kutentha komwe kumakhala kofananako kumakhala kowirikiza kawiri pa bolodi losiyanasiyana. Kwa mbadwo wofanana wa kutentha, chiwerengero chokha cha machubu ndipamwamba kanayi (pansi pa ndondomeko ya chitsanzo chomwecho cha mos). Tiyeni tiwerenge, ngati 50a mosalekeza pakali pano, ndiye kuti kukana kwamkati kwa mos ndi ma milliohms awiri (machubu 5 75nf75 amafunikira kuti tipeze kukana kofanana kwamkati), ndipo mphamvu yotentha ndi 50 * 50 * 0.002 = 5w. Panthawiyi, ndizotheka (kwenikweni, mphamvu ya mos yamakono ya 2 milliohms mkati kukana ndi yoposa 100a, palibe vuto, koma kutentha kwakukulu). Ngati ndi doko lomwelo bolodi, 4 2 milliohm mkati kukana mos chofunika (aliyense awiri kufanana kukana mkati ndi milliohm mmodzi, ndiyeno olumikizidwa mu mndandanda, okwana kukana mkati ndi wofanana 2 miliyoni 75 machubu ntchito, chiwerengero chonse ndi 20). Tiyerekeze kuti 100a nthawi zonse imalola mphamvu yotentha kukhala 10w. Zikatero, mzere wokhala ndi kukana kwamkati kwa 1 milliohm umafunika (zowonadi, kukana kofanana komweko kungathe kupezedwa ndi MOS parallel kugwirizana). Ngati chiwerengero cha madoko osiyanasiyana akadali kanayi, ngati 100a mosalekeza panopa amalola pazipita 5w Kutentha mphamvu, ndiye 0.5 milliohm chubu angagwiritsidwe ntchito, amene amafuna kanayi kuchuluka kwa mos poyerekeza ndi 50a mosalekeza panopa kupanga chomwecho. kuchuluka kwa moto). Choncho, pogwiritsira ntchito bolodi lachitetezo, sankhani bolodi lokhala ndi kukana kwamkati mosasamala kuti muchepetse kutentha. Ngati kukana kwamkati kwatsimikiziridwa, chonde lolani bolodi ndi kutentha kwakunja kuwonongeke bwino. Sankhani bolodi lachitetezo ndipo musamvere zomwe wogulitsa akupitilira. Ingofunsani kukana kwathunthu kwamkati kwa gawo lotulutsidwa la bolodi lachitetezo ndikuwerengera nokha (funsani mtundu wa chubu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuchuluka kwake komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikuyang'ana kuwerengera kwamkati nokha). Wolembayo akuwona kuti ngati atatulutsidwa pansi pa nthawi yopitilira ya wogulitsa, kutentha kwa bolodi lachitetezo kuyenera kukhala kokwera kwambiri. Choncho, ndi bwino kusankha bolodi chitetezo ndi derating. (Nenani 50a mosalekeza, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito 30a, muyenera 50a nthawi zonse, ndibwino kugula 80a mwadzina mosalekeza). Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito 48v CPU, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti kukana kwathunthu kwa mkati mwa bolodi lachitetezo sikupitilira mamiliyoni awiri.

Kusiyanitsa pakati pa bolodi lomwelo la doko ndi bolodi losiyana la doko: bolodi lomwelo la doko ndi mzere womwewo wa kulipiritsa ndi kutulutsa, ndipo zonse zolipiritsa ndi kutulutsa zimatetezedwa.

Ma port board osiyanasiyana ndi odziyimira pawokha pamizere yolipiritsa ndi kutulutsa. Doko lolipiritsa limangoteteza kuti lisachuluke polipira ndipo silimateteza ngati lichotsedwa padoko lolipiritsa (koma limatha kutulutsa kwathunthu, koma mphamvu yapano ya doko yothamangitsa nthawi zambiri imakhala yaying'ono). Doko lotulutsa limateteza kutulutsa kwambiri panthawi yotulutsa. Ngati kulipiritsa kuchokera pa doko lotayira, kulipiritsa sikukuphimbidwa (kotero kuti kulipiritsa kwa CPU kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pama doko osiyanasiyana. Ndipo mtengo wobwereranso ndi wocheperako kuposa mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa chake musade nkhawa zakuchulutsa batire chifukwa cholipirira mobwerera. Pokhapokha mutatuluka ndi kulipira mokwanira, ndi makilomita ochepa kutsika nthawi yomweyo. Mukapitiriza kuyambitsa eabs reverse charging, ndizotheka kuchulutsa batire, yomwe kulibe), koma kugwiritsa ntchito kulipiritsa nthawi zonse Musachajitse kuchokera padoko lotulutsira, pokhapokha mutayang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa magetsi (monga kuyitanitsa kwakanthawi kochepa kwapamsewu, mutha kudalira kuchokera padoko lotulutsa, ndikupitiliza kukwera popanda kulipiritsa, osadandaula za kuchulukira)

Kuwerengera kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwagalimoto yanu, sankhani batire yokhala ndi mphamvu kapena mphamvu yoyenera yomwe ingakwaniritse zomwe zikuchitika nthawi zonse, ndipo kutentha kumayendetsedwa. Kukaniza kwamkati kwa bolodi lachitetezo kumakhala kochepa momwe mungathere. Kutetezedwa kopitilira apo kwa board yoteteza kumangofunika kutetezedwa kwanthawi zazifupi komanso chitetezo china chogwiritsa ntchito molakwika (musayese kuchepetsa zomwe wowongolera kapena mota amafunikira pochepetsa kulemba kwa board). Chifukwa ngati injini yanu ikufunika 50a yamakono, simugwiritsa ntchito bolodi lachitetezo kuti mudziwe 40a yamakono, yomwe imayambitsa chitetezo pafupipafupi. Kulephera kwadzidzidzi kwamphamvu kwa wolamulira kumawononga mosavuta wolamulira.

Zisanu ndi ziwiri, kusanthula kwamagetsi kwa mabatire a lithiamu-ion

(1) Open circuit voltage: imatanthawuza mphamvu ya batri ya lithiamu-ion m'malo osagwira ntchito. Panthawiyi, palibe kuyenda kwamakono. Batire ikakhala yokwanira, kusiyana komwe kungathe pakati pa ma elekitirodi abwino ndi oipa a batire nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi 3.7V, ndipo kumtunda kumatha kufika 3.8V;

(2) Mogwirizana ndi voteji lotseguka ndi voteji ntchito, ndiye voteji ya lithiamu-ion batire mu yogwira boma. Panthawiyi, pali kuyenda kwamakono. Chifukwa kukana kwamkati pamene kuthamanga kwakali kukuyenera kugonjetsedwe, mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito nthawi zonse imakhala yocheperapo kusiyana ndi magetsi onse pa nthawi ya magetsi;

(3) Kutha voteji: ndiye kuti, batire sayenera kupitiriza kutulutsidwa pambuyo kuikidwa pa mtengo voteji, amene anatsimikiza ndi dongosolo la lithiamu-ion batire, kawirikawiri chifukwa mbale zoteteza, voteji batire pamene kutulutsa kwatha ndi pafupifupi 2.95V;

(4) Voltage yokhazikika: M'malo mwake, mphamvu yamagetsi imatchedwanso voliyumu yoyengedwa, yomwe imatanthawuza mtengo woyembekezeka wa kusiyana komwe kungathe kuchitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwamankhwala kwa zinthu zabwino ndi zoyipa za batri. Mphamvu yamagetsi ya batri ya lithiamu-ion ndi 3.7V. Zitha kuwoneka kuti voliyumu yokhazikika ndi yokhazikika yogwira ntchito;

Tikayang'ana mphamvu ya mabatire anayi a lithiamu-ion omwe tawatchula pamwambapa, mphamvu ya batire ya lithiamu-ion yomwe ikugwira ntchito imakhala ndi voteji yokhazikika komanso yogwira ntchito. M'malo osagwira ntchito, mphamvu ya batri ya lithiamu-ion ili pakati pa magetsi otseguka ndi magetsi otsiriza chifukwa cha batri ya lithiamu-ion. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi batri ya ion zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Choncho, pamene mphamvu ya batire ya lithiamu-ion ili pamagetsi otsiriza, batire iyenera kuimbidwa. Batire ikapanda kulipiritsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, moyo wa batriyo umachepetsedwa kapena kutha.