Hong Kong CityU EES: Batri yosinthika ya lithiamu-ion yowuziridwa ndi mafupa a anthu

Mbiri Yofufuza

Kuwonjezeka kwa kufunikira kwa zinthu zamagetsi kwalimbikitsa kukula kwachangu kwa zida zosinthira zosinthika komanso zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa. Mabatire a lithiamu-ion osinthika (LIBs) yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso magwiridwe antchito okhazikika amagetsi amatengedwa ngati ukadaulo wa batri wodalirika kwambiri pazovala zamagetsi zamagetsi. Ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito maelekitirodi amafilimu opyapyala ndi ma elekitirodi opangidwa ndi ma polima kumathandizira kwambiri kusinthasintha kwa ma LIB, pali mavuto awa:

(1) Mabatire ambiri osinthika amapakidwa ndi "negative electrode-separator-positive electrode," ndipo kupunduka kwawo pang'ono ndi kutsetsereka pakati pa ma stacks ambiri kumalepheretsa magwiridwe antchito onse a LIB;

(2) Pazifukwa zina zovuta kwambiri, monga kupindika, kutambasula, kupiringa, ndi zovuta zowonongeka, sizingatsimikizire kugwira ntchito kwa batri;

(3) Gawo la njira yopangira mapangidwe limanyalanyaza kusinthika kwa wosonkhanitsa zitsulo zamakono.

Chifukwa chake, kukwanitsa kupindika pang'ono, njira zingapo zopindika, kulimba kwamakina, komanso kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kumakumanabe ndi zovuta zambiri.

Introduction

Posachedwapa, Pulofesa Chunyi Zhi ndi Dr. Cuiping Han wa City University of Hong Kong adasindikiza pepala lotchedwa "Human joint inspired structural design for bendable/foldable/stretchable/twistable batire: achievebility multiple deformability" pa Energy Environ. Sci. Ntchitoyi idauziridwa ndi mapangidwe a ziwalo za anthu ndikupanga mtundu wa LIBs wosinthika wofanana ndi dongosolo lolumikizana. Kutengera kapangidwe ka bukuli, batire yokonzeka, yosinthika imatha kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri ndikupindika kapena kupindika pa 180 °. Nthawi yomweyo, kapangidwe kake kangasinthidwe kudzera m'njira zosiyanasiyana zokhotakhota kuti ma LIB osinthika akhale ndi luso lopunduka, atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazovuta kwambiri komanso zopindika (zopindika ndi zopindika), zimatha kutambasulidwa, komanso kuthekera kwawo kupitilira malipoti am'mbuyomu a ma LIB osinthika. Kuwunika koyerekeza kwazinthu zomaliza kunatsimikizira kuti batire yomwe idapangidwa mu pepalali silingasinthe pulasitiki yosasinthika ya otolera zitsulo pakadali pano mosiyanasiyana movutikira komanso zovuta. Nthawi yomweyo, batire ya square unit yophatikizidwa imatha kukhala ndi mphamvu zochulukirapo mpaka 371.9 Wh/L, yomwe ndi 92.9% ya batire yofewa yachikhalidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kukhalabe yokhazikika yozungulira ngakhale itatha nthawi zopitilira 200,000 zopindika mwamphamvu komanso nthawi 25,000 zakupotoza kwamphamvu.

Kafukufuku wowonjezereka akuwonetsa kuti cell cell yophatikizidwa imatha kupirira zovuta kwambiri komanso zovuta. Pambuyo pa kutambasula kopitilira 100,000, zopindika 20,000, ndi zopindika 100,000, zimathabe kukwanitsa kupitilira 88% -kusunga. Chifukwa chake, ma LIB osinthika omwe akufotokozedwa mu pepalali amapereka chiyembekezo chachikulu chakugwiritsa ntchito pamagetsi ovala.

Zowunikira zazikulu

1) Ma LIB osinthika, owuziridwa ndi ziwalo za anthu, amatha kukhalabe okhazikika pozungulira popindika, kupotoza, kutambasula, ndi kupindika;

(2) Ndi batire yosinthika sikweya, imatha kukhala ndi mphamvu zochulukirapo mpaka 371.9 Wh/L, yomwe ndi 92.9% ya batire yapaketi yofewa yachikhalidwe;

(3) Njira zosiyanasiyana zokhotakhota zimatha kusintha mawonekedwe a batire ndikupangitsa kuti batire ikhale yopunduka mokwanira.

Kalozera wazithunzi

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti, kuwonjezera pa kuonetsetsa kuti mphamvu zambiri zimakhala zochulukirapo komanso zovuta kwambiri, mapangidwe apangidwe ayeneranso kupewa kusinthika kwa pulasitiki kwa wosonkhanitsa panopa. Kuyerekezera kocheperako kukuwonetsa kuti njira yabwino kwambiri yokhometsa pompopompo iyenera kukhala yoletsa wotolerayo kuti asakhale ndi kagawo kakang'ono kopindika panthawi yopindika kuti apewe kupunduka kwa pulasitiki komanso kuwonongeka kosasinthika kwa wotolera pano.

Chithunzi 1a chikuwonetsa momwe ziwalo zamunthu zimapangidwira, momwe mawonekedwe opindika mochenjera kwambiri amathandizira kuti ziwalozo ziziyenda bwino. Kutengera izi, Chithunzi 1b chikuwonetsa anode ya graphite anode/diaphragm/lithium cobaltate (LCO), yomwe imatha kukulungidwa m'magulu akulu akulu. Pamphambano, imakhala ndi milu iwiri yolimba yolimba komanso gawo losinthika. Chofunika koposa, mulu wokhuthala uli ndi malo opindika ofanana ndi chivundikiro cha mafupa olowa, chomwe chimathandizira kupanikizika kwa buffer ndikupereka mphamvu yayikulu ya batri yosinthika. Gawo lotanuka limakhala ngati ligament, kulumikiza milu yakuda ndikupereka kusinthasintha (Chithunzi 1c). Kuphatikiza pakumangirira mulu wa mabwalo, mabatire okhala ndi ma cell a cylindrical kapena triangular amathanso kupangidwa posintha njira yokhotakhota (Chithunzi 1d). Kwa ma LIB osinthika okhala ndi mayunitsi osungira mphamvu, magawo olumikizidwa amagudubuzika pamtunda wowoneka ngati arc wa mulu wandiweyani panthawi yopindika (Chithunzi 1e), potero akuwonjezera mphamvu ya batire yosinthika. Kuphatikiza apo, kudzera mu zotanuka polima encapsulation, ma LIB osinthika okhala ndi ma cylindrical mayunitsi amatha kukwaniritsa zinthu zotambasuka komanso zosinthika (Chithunzi 1f).

Chithunzi 1 (a) Mapangidwe a mgwirizano wapadera wa ligament ndi malo opindika ndi ofunikira kuti akwaniritse kusinthasintha; (b) Chithunzi chojambula cha mawonekedwe a batri osinthika ndi kupanga; (c) fupa limafanana ndi stack yowonjezereka ya electrode, ndipo ligament ikufanana ndi yosatsegulidwa (D) Mapangidwe a batri osinthika okhala ndi ma cylindrical ndi triangular; (e) Kuyika chithunzi cha ma cell akulu; (f) Kutambasula kwa ma cylindrical cell.

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwina kwa kusanthula kwamagetsi kumatsimikizira kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe a batri osinthika. Chithunzi 2a chikuwonetsa kupsinjika kwa zojambula zamkuwa ndi aluminiyamu zikapindika mu silinda (180° radian). Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti kupsinjika kwa zojambulazo zamkuwa ndi aluminiyamu ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa mphamvu zawo zokolola, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti kusinthika kumeneku sikungawononge pulasitiki. Wotolera zitsulo wamakono amatha kupewa kuwonongeka kosasinthika.

Chithunzi 2b chikuwonetsa kugawanika kwa kupsinjika pamene mlingo wa kupinda ukuwonjezeka, ndipo kupanikizika kwa zojambula zamkuwa ndi zojambulazo za aluminiyamu zimakhalanso zocheperapo kuposa mphamvu zawo zokolola. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwewo amatha kupirira kupindika kopindika ndikusunga kukhazikika bwino. Kuphatikiza pakupindika kopindika, dongosololi limatha kukwaniritsa kupotoza kwina (Chithunzi 2c).

Kwa mabatire okhala ndi ma cylindrical mayunitsi, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake a bwalo, amatha kukwaniritsa zovuta komanso zovuta. Choncho, pamene batire apangidwe kuti 180o (Chithunzi 2d, e), anatambasula pafupifupi 140% ya kutalika kwapachiyambi (Chithunzi 2f), ndi zokhotakhota 90o (Chithunzi 2g), akhoza kukhalabe makina bata. Kuphatikiza apo, kupindika + kupindika ndi kupindika kumagwiritsidwa ntchito padera, kapangidwe ka LIBs kamene kamapangidwira sikudzayambitsa kusinthika kwapulasitiki kosasinthika kwa otolera zitsulo zamakono pansi pazovuta zosiyanasiyana komanso zovuta.

Chithunzi 2 (ac) Zotsatira zomaliza za kayeseleledwe ka selo lalikulu pansi pa kupindika, kupindika, ndi kupindika; (di) Zotsatira zomaliza zoyeserera za cell ya cylindrical pansi pa kupindika, kupindika, kutambasula, kupindika, kupindika + kupindika ndi kupindika.

Kuti muwone momwe batire yosinthira yamagetsi idapangidwa, LiCoO2 idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida za cathode kuyesa mphamvu yakutulutsa komanso kukhazikika kwa mayendedwe. Monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 3a, mphamvu yotulutsa batri yokhala ndi maselo akuluakulu sikuchepetsedwa kwambiri pambuyo poti ndegeyo yapunduka kuti ipindike, mphete, kupindika, ndi kupindika pakukula kwa 1 C, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kusinthika kwamakina sikungapangitse kapangidwe kake. batire yosinthika kukhala electrochemically Performance imatsika. Ngakhale atapindika mwamphamvu (Chithunzi 3c, d) ndi kugwedezeka kwamphamvu (Chithunzi 3e, f), ndipo patatha maulendo angapo, nsanja yothamangitsira ndi kutulutsa ndi ntchito yayitali imakhalabe zosinthika, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mkati mwa batire imatetezedwa bwino.

Chithunzi 3 (a) Kuyesa ndi kutulutsa batire ya square unit pansi pa 1C; (b) Kuwongolera ndi kutulutsa curve pansi pazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana; (c, d) Pansi pa kupindika kosunthika, magwiridwe antchito a batri ndi mtengo wofananira ndi curve yotulutsa; (e, f) Pansi pa kugwedezeka kwamphamvu, kayendedwe ka batire ndi kukhetsa kofananira ndi kutulutsa kozungulira kosiyanasiyana.

Zotsatira zakusanthula kayeseleledwe zikuwonetsa kuti chifukwa cha mawonekedwe abwalo, ma LIB osinthika okhala ndi ma cylindrical element amatha kupirira zopindika kwambiri komanso zovuta. Choncho, kusonyeza electrochemical ntchito ya LIBs flexible ya cylindrical unit, mayesero anachitidwa pa mlingo wa 1 C, amene anasonyeza kuti pamene batire akukumana deformations zosiyanasiyana, pali pafupifupi palibe kusintha electrochemical ntchito. Kupindika sikungapangitse kuti phokoso lamagetsi lisinthe (Chithunzi 4a, b).

Kuti mupitirize kuyesa kukhazikika kwa electrochemical ya batri ya cylindrical ndi kukhazikika kwa makina, inachititsa kuti batire iyesedwe mozama pamlingo wa 1 C. Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti pambuyo pa kutambasula kwamphamvu (Chithunzi 4c, d), torsion yamphamvu (Chithunzi 4e, f) , ndi kupindika kwamphamvu + torsion (Chithunzi 4g, h), kayendedwe ka batire-kutulutsa kutulutsa kwa batire ndi ma curve ofananira nawo samakhudzidwa. Chithunzi 4i chikuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito a batri yokhala ndi mitundu yosungiramo mphamvu. Kutulutsa mphamvu kumawola kuchokera ku 133.3 mAm g-1 mpaka 129.9 mAh g-1, ndipo kutayika kwa mphamvu pamayendedwe ndi 0.04% yokha, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti kupunduka sikungakhudze kukhazikika kwake komanso kutulutsa mphamvu.

Chithunzi 4 (a) Kuyesa ndi kutulutsa kozungulira kosiyanasiyana kwa ma cylindrical cell pa 1 C; (b) Kulipira kofananira ndi ma curve otulutsa a batri pansi pamikhalidwe yosiyana; (c, d) Kuyenda mozungulira ndi kulipiritsa batire pansi pa kukanikizana Kutulutsa kopindika; (e, f) kayendedwe ka batire pansi pa kugwedezeka kosunthika ndi piritsi lofananira ndi kutulutsa kwa batire mozungulira mosiyanasiyana; (g, h) kayendedwe ka batire pansi pa kupindika kwamphamvu + kugwedezeka ndi piritsi lofananira ndi kutulutsa kozungulira mozungulira mosiyanasiyana; (I) Limbikitsani ndi kutulutsa mayeso a mabatire a prismatic unit okhala ndi masinthidwe osiyanasiyana pa 1 C.

Kuti awunikire kugwiritsa ntchito batire yosinthika yosinthika pochita, wolemba amagwiritsa ntchito mabatire athunthu okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosungira mphamvu kuti apangitse mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi, monga ma earphone, ma smartwatches, mafani amagetsi ang'onoang'ono, zida zodzikongoletsera, ndi mafoni anzeru. Zonsezi ndizokwanira kugwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, zikuphatikiza kuthekera kwazinthu zosiyanasiyana zosinthika komanso kuvala zamagetsi.

Chithunzi 5 chimagwiritsa ntchito batire yopangidwira kumakutu, mawotchi ochenjera, mafani amagetsi ang'onoang'ono, zida zodzikongoletsera, ndi mafoni a m'manja. Batire yosinthika imapereka mphamvu (a) zomvera m'makutu, (b) mawotchi anzeru, ndi (c) mafani amagetsi ang'onoang'ono; (d) amapereka mphamvu pazida zodzikongoletsera; (e) pansi pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana, batire yosinthika imapereka mphamvu zama foni a m'manja.

Chidule ndi malingaliro

Mwachidule, nkhaniyi idauziridwa ndi mapangidwe a ziwalo za anthu. Imapereka njira yapadera yopangira batire yosinthika yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, kupunduka kangapo, komanso kulimba. Poyerekeza ndi ma LIB osinthika achikhalidwe, mapangidwe atsopanowa amatha kupewa kupotoza kwa pulasitiki kwa otolera zitsulo zamakono. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, malo okhotakhota omwe amasungidwa pamapeto onse a mphamvu yosungiramo mphamvu yopangidwa mu pepala ili akhoza kuthetsa bwino kupsinjika kwa m'deralo kwa zigawo zomwe zimagwirizana. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zosiyanasiyana zokhotakhota zimatha kusintha mawonekedwe a stack, kupatsa batri kufooka kokwanira. Batire yosinthika imawonetsa kukhazikika kozungulira komanso kulimba kwamakina chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ndipo ili ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi zosinthika komanso kuvala.

Literature link

Mapangidwe opangidwa ndi anthu ogwirizana ndi batire yopindika/yopindika/yotambasuka/yopindika: kukwaniritsa kupunduka kangapo. (Energy Environ. Sci., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/D1EE00480H)