Mainjiniya apanga cholekanitsa chomwe chimakhazikitsa ma electrolyte agaseous kuti mabatire atenthedwe kwambiri azikhala otetezeka.

Malinga ndi malipoti atolankhani akunja, akatswiri opanga ma nano ku Yunivesite ya California San Diego apanga cholekanitsa batire chomwe chingathe kukhala chotchinga pakati pa cathode ndi anode kuteteza mpweya wa electrolyte mu batire kuti zisawonongeke. Diaphragm yatsopano imalepheretsa kukakamiza kwamkati kwa namondwe kuti zisachulukane, motero kulepheretsa batire kuti lisafufutike ndi kuphulika.

Mtsogoleri wofufuza, Zheng Chen, pulofesa wa nanoengineering ku Jacobs School of Engineering ku yunivesite ya California, San Diego, anati: "Potchera mamolekyu a gasi, nembanembayo imatha kukhala ngati stabilizer ya electrolyte yowonongeka."

Cholekanitsa chatsopanocho chimatha kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito a batri pamatenthedwe otsika kwambiri. Selo la batri lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito diaphragm limatha kugwira ntchito paminus 40 ° C, ndipo mphamvu imatha kufika maola 500 milliampere pa gramu, pomwe batire ya diaphragm yamalonda ili ndi mphamvu pafupifupi ziro. Ofufuza akuti ngakhale atasiyidwa kwa miyezi iwiri osagwiritsidwa ntchito, mphamvu ya batire imakhalabe yayikulu. Kuchita uku kukuwonetsa kuti diaphragm imathanso kukulitsa nthawi yosungira. Kupeza kumeneku kumathandiza ochita kafukufuku kukwaniritsa cholinga chawo mowonjezereka: kupanga mabatire omwe angapereke magetsi kwa magalimoto m'malo oundana, monga ndege za m'mlengalenga, masetilaiti, ndi zombo zapanyanja zakuya.

Kafukufukuyu adachokera pa kafukufuku yemwe adachitika mu labotale ya Ying Shirley Meng, pulofesa wa nanoengineering pa yunivesite ya California, San Diego. Kafukufukuyu amagwiritsa ntchito electrolyte ya gasi ya liquefied kuti apange batire yomwe imatha kugwira ntchito bwino pamalo ochepera 60°C kwa nthawi yoyamba. Pakati pawo, electrolyte yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi mpweya womwe umasungunuka pogwiritsa ntchito kukakamiza ndipo sulimbana ndi kutentha kochepa kuposa ma electrolyte amadzimadzi achikhalidwe.

Koma mtundu uwu wa electrolyte uli ndi chilema; ndikosavuta kusintha kuchoka pamadzi kupita ku gasi. Chen adati: "Vutoli ndiye vuto lalikulu lachitetezo cha electrolyte iyi." Kupanikizika kumafunika kuwonjezereka kuti ma molekyulu amadzimadzi asungidwe ndikusunga electrolyte mumadzimadzi kuti agwiritse ntchito electrolyte.

Laboratory ya Chen inagwirizana ndi Meng ndi Tod Pascal, pulofesa wa nanoengineering ku yunivesite ya California, San Diego, kuti athetse vutoli. Mwa kuphatikiza ukatswiri wa akatswiri apakompyuta monga Pascal ndi ofufuza monga Chen ndi Meng, njira yapangidwa kuti isungunuke ma electrolyte opangidwa ndi vaporized popanda kugwiritsa ntchito kuthamanga kwambiri mwachangu. Ogwira ntchito omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa ndi ogwirizana ndi Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC) ya University of California, San Diego.

Njirayi imachokera ku zochitika zakuthupi zomwe mamolekyu a gasi amadziunjikira okha akatsekeredwa m'mipata yaying'ono ya nano-scale. Chodabwitsa ichi chimatchedwa capillary condensation, yomwe ingapangitse mpweya kukhala wamadzimadzi pamtunda wotsika. Gulu lofufuza lidagwiritsa ntchito chodabwitsachi kuti lipange cholekanitsa batri chomwe chingakhazikitse ma electrolyte m'mabatire otentha kwambiri otsika kwambiri, electrolyte ya gasi ya liquefied yopangidwa ndi gasi wa fluoromethane. Ofufuzawa adagwiritsa ntchito porous crystalline material yotchedwa metal-organic framework (MOF) kuti apange nembanemba. Chapadera pa MOF ndikuti ili ndi timabowo tating'onoting'ono, tomwe timatha kutsekera mamolekyu a mpweya wa fluoromethane ndikuwapangitsa kuti azikhala ochepa. Mwachitsanzo, fluoromethane nthawi zambiri imacheperachepera 30 ° C ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu ya 118 psi; koma ngati MOF ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, kuthamanga kwa condensation kwa porous pa kutentha komweko ndi 11 psi yokha.

Chen adati: "MOF iyi imachepetsa kwambiri mphamvu yofunikira kuti electrolyte igwire ntchito. Choncho, batri yathu ikhoza kupereka mphamvu zambiri pa kutentha kochepa popanda kuwonongeka." Ofufuzawo adayesa cholekanitsa chochokera ku MOF mu batri ya lithiamu-ion. . Batire ya lithiamu-ion imakhala ndi cathode ya fluorocarbon ndi anode yachitsulo ya lithiamu. Ikhoza kudzaza ndi mpweya wa fluoromethane electrolyte pa mphamvu ya mkati ya 70 psi, yotsika kwambiri kuposa mphamvu yofunikira pakupanga fluoromethane. Batire imatha kusungabe 57% ya kutentha kwa chipinda chake paminus 40°C. Mosiyana ndi izi, pa kutentha komweko ndi kupanikizika, mphamvu ya batire ya diaphragm yogwiritsira ntchito gaseous electrolyte yokhala ndi fluoromethane imakhala pafupifupi ziro.

Ma micropores otengera cholekanitsa cha MOF ndiye chinsinsi chifukwa ma microporeswa amatha kusunga ma electrolyte ochulukirapo mu batire ngakhale atachepa. Diaphragm yamalonda ili ndi pores akulu ndipo sangathe kusunga ma molekyulu a mpweya wa electrolyte pansi pa kupsinjika kocheperako. Koma microporosity si chifukwa chokha chomwe diaphragm imagwirira ntchito bwino pansi pazimenezi. The diaphragm yopangidwa ndi ochita kafukufuku imathandizanso kuti pores apange njira yopitilira kuchokera kumapeto mpaka kumapeto, potero kuonetsetsa kuti lithiamu ion imatha kuyenda momasuka kudzera mu diaphragm. Poyesa, ma ionic conductivity a batri pogwiritsa ntchito diaphragm yatsopano pa minus 40 ° C ndi kuwirikiza kakhumi kuposa batire yogwiritsira ntchito diaphragm yamalonda.

Gulu la Chen pano likuyesa zolekanitsa zochokera ku MOF pa ma electrolyte ena. Chen adati: "Tawona zotsatira zofanana. Pogwiritsa ntchito MOF iyi monga stabilizer, ma molekyulu osiyanasiyana a electrolyte amatha kugulitsidwa kuti apititse patsogolo chitetezo cha batri, kuphatikizapo mabatire a lithiamu omwe ali ndi electrolyte osasinthasintha."