Kodi mabatire osinthika a state solid state ndi ati?

Gulu la asayansi apadziko lonse lapansi apanga mtundu watsopano wa batri yolimba yomwe ingathe kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amagetsi ndikuletsa moto pamalaputopu ndi mafoni. Olembawo akufotokoza zomwe adapeza mu Advanced Energy Materials. Pochotsa ma electrolyte amadzimadzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabatire ochiritsira ochiritsira ndi 'olimba', a ceramic amatha kupanga mabatire amphamvu, okhalitsa omwe alinso otetezeka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito. Ochita kafukufuku akuyembekeza kuti ubwino umenewu ukhoza kutsegulira njira ya mabatire amphamvu, obiriwira amitundu yonse ya zipangizo kuphatikizapo magalimoto amagetsi.

Olemba phunziroli, ochokera ku US ndi UK, akhala akufufuza njira zina za electrolyte zamadzimadzi mu mabatire a lithiamu ion kwa nthawi ndithu. Mu 2016 iwo analengeza chitukuko cha olimba-boma batire kuti ntchito pa kupitirira kawiri voteji wa ochiritsira lithiamu ion maselo, koma ndi dzuwa chimodzimodzi.

Ngakhale mapangidwe awo aposachedwa akuyimira kusintha kwakukulu pa mtundu wakalewu, wofufuza Pulofesa Donald Sadoway waku MIT akuti pali malo oti asinthe: "Kupeza ma ionic conductivity muzinthu za ceramic pa kutentha kokwera kungakhale kovuta," adatero. "Uku kunali kupambana kopambana." Ofufuzawo akuyembekeza kuti akayesa mabatire okonzedwa bwinowa adzakhala oyenera magalimoto amagetsi kapenanso ndege zopatsa mphamvu.

Mu olimba boma mabatire kuwonongeka chifukwa kutenthedwa kupewedwa ntchito ceramic electrolytes osati kuyaka, madzimadzi. Ngati batire yawonongeka ndikuyamba kutenthetsa ma chars a ceramic electrolyte m'malo moyaka, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuyatsa moto. Ma pores mu kapangidwe ka zinthu zolimba izi amawathandizanso kunyamula katundu wokwera kwambiri wamagetsi amagetsi ndi ma ion akuyenda kudzera mu netiweki yotalikirapo mkati mwa cholimba.

Zinthu zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti asayansi atha kukweza mphamvu ya magetsi ndi mphamvu ya mabatire awo poyerekezera ndi amene ali ndi ma electrolyte amadzi oyaka. Ndipotu, Pulofesa Sadoway anati: “Tinasonyeza selo la lithiamu-mpweya lomwe lili ndi ma volt 12 akugwira ntchito pa madigiri 90 C [194°F]. Izi n’zapamwamba kwambiri kuposa zimene aliyense wakwanitsa.

Mapangidwe a batire atsopanowa ali ndi maubwino ena opitilira ma electrolyte oyaka, kuphatikiza kuti ma electrolyte a ceramic nthawi zambiri amakhala okhazikika kuposa organic. "Chodabwitsa ndi momwe zidagwirira ntchito," adatero Pulofesa Sadoway. "Tili ndi mphamvu zambiri kuchokera m'selo iyi kuposa momwe timayikamo."

Kukhazikika kumeneku kungapangitse opanga kunyamula maselo ambiri olimba m'ma laptops kapena magalimoto amagetsi popanda kudera nkhawa kuti akutenthedwa, kupanga zida kukhala zotetezeka komanso kutalikitsa moyo wawo wogwira ntchito. Pakadali pano, ngati mabatire amtunduwu atenthedwa kwambiri amakhala pachiwopsezo choyaka moto - monga zidachitika posachedwa ndi foni ya Samsung Galaxy Note 7. Lawi lotulukalo silingafalikire chifukwa mulibe mpweya mkati mwa maselo kuti uyake; ndithudi, iwo sakanatha kufalikira kupitirira malo a kuwonongeka koyambirira.

Zida zolimbazi zimakhalanso zotalika kwambiri; Mosiyana ndi izi, ena amayesa kupanga mabatire a lithiamu ion okhala ndi ma electrolyte amadzimadzi oyaka, omwe amagwira ntchito pa kutentha kwambiri (pa 100 ° C) nthawi zonse amagwira moto pambuyo pa 500 kapena 600 kuzungulira. Ma electrolyte a ceramic amatha kupirira maulendo opitilira 7500 / kutulutsa popanda kuyatsa moto."

Zomwe zapezazi zitha kukhala zofunikira kwambiri pakukulitsa ma EV komanso kupewa kuyatsa moto kwa ma smartphone. Malingana ndi Sadoway: "Mibadwo yakale ya mabatire inali ndi mabatire oyambira a asidi [m'galimoto]. Anali ndi mawonekedwe aafupi koma anali odalirika modabwitsa," adatero ndikuwonjezera kuti kufooka kwawo kosayembekezereka kunali kuti "ngati kukatentha kuposa pafupifupi 60 ° C ndiye. zidzayaka moto."

Masiku ano mabatire a lithiamu ion, akufotokoza, ndi sitepe kuchokera pa izi. "Ali ndi nthawi yayitali koma amatha kuonongeka chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri komanso kuyaka moto," adatero ndikuwonjezera kuti batire yatsopano yolimba ndi "kupambana kwakukulu" chifukwa imatha kubweretsa zida zodalirika komanso zotetezeka.

Asayansi ku MIT akuganiza kuti lusoli litha kutenga zaka zisanu kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri koma ngakhale chaka chamawa akuyembekeza kuwona mabatire amtunduwu atayikidwa m'mafoni am'manja kuchokera kwa opanga akuluakulu monga Samsung kapena Apple. Iwo adanenanso kuti pali zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogulitsa ma cellwa kupatula mafoni, kuphatikiza ma laputopu ndi magalimoto amagetsi.

Komabe Pulofesa Sadoway akuchenjeza kuti pali njira ina yopitira patsogolo lusoli lisanakhale langwiro. "Tili ndi selo lomwe likuwoneka bwino kwambiri koma ndi masiku oyambilira ... Sitinapangebe ma cell okhala ndi ma elekitirodi amphamvu kwambiri."

Sadoway akukhulupirira kuti izi zitha kulandiridwa nthawi yomweyo chifukwa zili ndi kuthekera osati kungowonjezera ma EVs ochulukirapo komanso kulepheretsa kuyatsa kwa mafoni a m'manja. Mwina chodabwitsa kwambiri ndikulosera kwake kuti mabatire olimba atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse pasanathe zaka zisanu pomwe opanga ambiri atsimikiza za chitetezo chawo komanso kudalirika kwawo.