Maselo a dzuwa owonda kwambiri?

Maselo a dzuwa owonda kwambiri?

Maselo a dzuwa owonda kwambiri apangidwa bwino: 2D perovskite mankhwala ali ndi zida zoyenera kutsutsa zinthu zazikulu.

Akatswiri a ku yunivesite ya Rice apeza zizindikiro zatsopano popanga ma atomiki ang'onoang'ono a solar cell opangidwa ndi semiconductor perovskites, kukulitsa luso lawo ndikusunga mphamvu zawo zolimbana ndi chilengedwe.

The Aditya Mohite labotale ya Rice University George R Brown School of Engineering anapeza kuti kuwala kwa dzuŵa kumachepetsa danga pakati pa zigawo za atomiki mu perovskite awiri-dimensional, zokwanira kuonjezera photovoltaic dzuwa la zinthu ndi mochuluka monga 18%, amene nthawi zambiri kupita patsogolo. . Kudumpha kodabwitsa kwachitika m'munda ndikuyesedwa ndi maperesenti.

"M'zaka za 10, mphamvu ya perovskite yakwera kuchokera pafupifupi 3% mpaka 25%," adatero Mohite. "Ma semiconductors ena adzatenga pafupifupi zaka 60 kuti akwaniritse. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndife okondwa kwambiri."

Perovskite ndi gulu lokhala ndi cubic lattice ndipo ndiwotolera bwino kuwala. Mphamvu zawo zakhala zikudziwika kwa zaka zambiri, koma ali ndi vuto: Amatha kusintha kuwala kwa dzuwa kukhala mphamvu, koma kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi chinyezi zingawachepetse.

"Ukadaulo wama cell a solar ukuyembekezeka kukhala zaka 20 mpaka 25," atero a Mohite, pulofesa wothandizira waukadaulo wamankhwala ndi biomolecular engineering ndi sayansi yazinthu ndi nanoengineering. "Takhala tikugwira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri ndipo tikupitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito ma perovskites akuluakulu omwe ndi othandiza kwambiri koma osakhazikika kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, perovskites awiri-dimensional ali ndi kukhazikika kwabwino kwambiri koma sagwira ntchito mokwanira kuti aikidwe padenga.

"Vuto lalikulu ndikuwapanga kukhala ogwira mtima popanda kusokoneza bata."
Akatswiri a Rice ndi ogwira nawo ntchito ku yunivesite ya Purdue ndi yunivesite ya Northwestern, Los Alamos, Argonne ndi Brookhaven a US Department of Energy National Laboratory, ndi Institute of Electronics and Digital Technology (INSA) ku Rennes, France, ndi ogwira nawo ntchito anapeza kuti ena awiri azithunzi perovskites, kuwala kwa dzuwa bwino shrinks danga pakati pa maatomu, kuwonjezera luso lawo kunyamula magetsi.

"Tidapeza kuti mukayatsa zinthuzo, mumazifinya ngati siponji ndikusonkhanitsa zigawozo kuti muwongolere ndalamazo," adatero Mocht. Ofufuzawa adapeza kuti kuyika gawo la organic cations pakati pa ayodini pamwamba ndi kutsogolera pansi kumatha kupititsa patsogolo mgwirizano pakati pa zigawozo.

"Ntchitoyi ndi yofunika kwambiri pophunzira za mayiko okondwa ndi quasiparticles, pomwe gawo limodzi lachiwongola dzanja liri pa chimzake, ndipo chiwongoladzanja chiri pa chimzake, ndipo amatha kulankhulana," adatero Mocht. "Izi zimatchedwa excitons, ndipo zimatha kukhala ndi zinthu zapadera.

"Zotsatirazi zimatithandiza kumvetsetsa ndikusintha kuyanjana kofunikira kopepuka popanda kupanga ma heterostructures ovuta monga 2D transition metal dichalcogenides," adatero.

Anzake ku France adatsimikizira kuyesako ndi mtundu wapakompyuta. Jacky Even, Pulofesa wa Physics ku INSA, adati: "Kafukufukuyu amapereka mwayi wapadera wophatikiza teknoloji yapamwamba kwambiri ya ab initio simulation, kufufuza zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zazikulu za synchrotron zamtundu uliwonse, komanso mawonekedwe a in-situ a ma cell a dzuwa omwe akugwira ntchito. ." "Pepala ili likufotokoza kwa nthawi yoyamba momwe zochitika zowonongeka zimatulutsira modzidzimutsa ndalama zowonongeka muzinthu za perovskite."

Zotsatira zonsezi zikuwonetsa kuti pambuyo pa mphindi 10 zowonekera ku simulator ya dzuwa pa mphamvu ya dzuwa, perovskite yamitundu iwiri imachepa ndi 0.4% m'litali mwake ndi pafupifupi 1% kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi. Iwo adatsimikizira kuti zotsatira zake zitha kuwoneka mkati mwa mphindi imodzi pansi pa mphamvu zisanu za dzuwa.

"Sizikumveka ngati zambiri, koma kuchepa kwa 1% kwa malo otsetsereka kumapangitsa kuti ma elekitironi achuluke kwambiri," atero a Li Wenbin, wophunzira womaliza maphunziro ku Rice komanso wolemba mnzake. "Kafukufuku wathu akuwonetsa kuti kuyendetsa pakompyuta kwa zinthuzo kwawonjezeka katatu."

Nthawi yomweyo, mawonekedwe a crystal lattice amapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zisawonongeke, ngakhale zitatenthedwa kufika madigiri 80 Celsius (176 degrees Fahrenheit). Ofufuzawo adapezanso kuti lattice imabwereranso kumayendedwe ake pomwe magetsi azimitsidwa.

"Chimodzi mwazokopa chachikulu cha 2D perovskites ndikuti nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi maatomu achilengedwe omwe amakhala ngati zotchinga chinyezi, amakhala okhazikika, komanso amathetsa mavuto akusamuka kwa ion," adatero Siraj Sidhik, wophunzira womaliza maphunziro komanso wolemba mnzake. "3D perovskites amakonda kusakhazikika kwa kutentha ndi kuwala, kotero ochita kafukufuku anayamba kuyika zigawo za 2D pamwamba pa ma perovskites akuluakulu kuti awone ngati angagwiritse ntchito bwino zonsezi.

"Tikuganiza, tiyeni tingosinthira ku 2D ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yogwira mtima," adatero.

Kuwona kuchepa kwa zinthuzo, gululi linagwiritsa ntchito maofesi awiri a US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science: National Synchrotron Light Source II ya Brookhaven National Laboratory ya US Department of Energy ndi Advanced State Laboratory of ku US Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory. Photon Source (APS) Laboratory.

Katswiri wa sayansi ya Argonne, Joe Strzalka, wolemba nawo pepalali, amagwiritsa ntchito ma X-ray owala kwambiri a APS kuti azitha kusintha pang'ono pazida zenizeni munthawi yeniyeni. Chida chodziwikiratu chomwe chili pa 8-ID-E ya mzere wa APS chimalola maphunziro "ogwira ntchito", zomwe zikutanthauza kuti maphunziro omwe amachitika pomwe zida zimasintha kutentha kapena chilengedwe pansi pamikhalidwe yabwinobwino. Pamenepa, Strzalka ndi anzake anaulula zinthu zosonyeza kuwala kwa dzuwa m’selo ya dzuŵa kuti zifanane ndi kuwala kwa dzuŵa kwinaku akusunga kutentha kosalekeza ndi kuona kugunda kwa ma atomiki ang’onoang’ono.

Monga kuyesa kuwongolera, Strzalka ndi olemba anzake adasunga chipindacho mdima, kuonjezera kutentha, ndikuwona zotsatira zosiyana - kukula kwa zinthu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuwala komweko, osati kutentha komwe kumapanga, ndiko kunayambitsa kusintha.

"Pazosintha zotere, ndikofunikira kuchita kafukufuku wogwira ntchito," adatero Strzalka. "Monga momwe makaniko amafunira kuyendetsa injini kuti awone zomwe zikuchitika mmenemo, ife kwenikweni tikufuna kutenga kanema wa kutembenukaku, osati chithunzi chimodzi. Zida monga APS zimatilola kuchita izi."

Strzalka adanenanso kuti APS ikusintha kwambiri kuti iwonjezere kuwala kwa ma X-ray ake mpaka nthawi 500. Ananenanso kuti ikamalizidwa, kuwala kowala kwambiri komanso zozindikira mwachangu komanso zowoneka bwino, zidzakulitsa luso la asayansi lozindikira kusintha kumeneku ndi chidwi chachikulu.

Izi zitha kuthandiza gulu la Rice kusintha zinthu kuti zigwire bwino ntchito. "Tikupanga ma cations ndi ma interfaces kuti tikwaniritse bwino kuposa 20%," adatero Sidhik. "Izi zidzasintha zonse zomwe zili m'munda wa perovskite chifukwa ndiye anthu adzayamba kugwiritsa ntchito 2D perovskite kwa 2D perovskite / silicon ndi 2D / 3D perovskite mndandanda, zomwe zingathe kubweretsa mphamvu pafupi ndi 30%. Izi zidzapangitsa kuti malonda ake akhale okongola."