Mabatire okhazikika: njira ya batire ya m'badwo wotsatira

Mabatire okhazikika: njira ya batire ya m'badwo wotsatira

Pa Meyi 14, malinga ndi "Korea Times" ndi malipoti ena atolankhani, Samsung ikukonzekera kugwirizana ndi Hyundai kupanga magalimoto amagetsi ndikupereka mabatire amagetsi ndi zida zina zamagalimoto zolumikizidwa zamagalimoto amagetsi a Hyundai. Atolankhani amalosera kuti Samsung ndi Hyundai posachedwapa zisayina chikumbutso chosamangirira pakumvetsetsa kwa batri. Zikuwoneka kuti Samsung idabweretsa batire yaposachedwa kwambiri ku Hyundai.

Malinga ndi Samsung, batire yake yachitsanzo ikakhala yokwanira, imatha kulola galimoto yamagetsi kuyendetsa makilomita opitilira 800 nthawi imodzi, ndi moyo wa batire wopitilira nthawi za 1,000. Voliyumu yake ndi 50% yaying'ono kuposa batire ya lithiamu-ion yamphamvu yofanana. Pachifukwa ichi, mabatire olimba-boma amaonedwa kuti ndi mabatire oyenera kwambiri amagetsi amagetsi pazaka khumi zikubwerazi.

Kumayambiriro kwa March 2020, Samsung Institute for Advanced Study (SAIT) ndi Samsung Research Center ya Japan (SRJ) lofalitsidwa "High-mphamvu yaitali njinga zonse olimba boma mabatire lifiyamu zitsulo chinatha ndi siliva" mu "Nature Energy" magazini. -Carbon composite anode" idayambitsa chitukuko chawo chaposachedwa pamabatire olimba.

Batire iyi imagwiritsa ntchito electrolyte yolimba, yomwe siyakayaka pa kutentha kwambiri komanso imatha kulepheretsa kukula kwa lithiamu dendrites kuti ipewe kuphulika kwafupipafupi. Kuphatikiza apo, imagwiritsa ntchito gulu la siliva-carbon (Ag-C) monga anode, yomwe imatha kukulitsa mphamvu yamagetsi mpaka 900Wh/L, imakhala ndi moyo wautali wozungulira wopitilira 1000, komanso mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri ya coulombic (charge). ndi kutulutsa bwino) kwa 99.8%. Ikhoza kuyendetsa batire pambuyo pa malipiro amodzi. Galimotoyo inayenda mtunda wa makilomita 800.

Komabe, SAIT ndi SRJ zomwe zidasindikiza pepalali ndi mabungwe ofufuza zasayansi m'malo mwa Samsung SDI, yomwe imayang'ana ukadaulo. Nkhaniyi imangofotokoza za batire yatsopano, kapangidwe kake, ndi magwiridwe ake. Zimaganiziridwa koyambirira kuti batire idakali mu labotale ndipo idzakhala yovuta kupanga mochuluka pakanthawi kochepa.

Kusiyana pakati pa mabatire olimba-boma ndi mabatire amadzimadzi amadzimadzi a lithiamu-ion ndikuti ma electrolyte olimba amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa ma electrolyte ndi olekanitsa. Sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito lithiamu-intercalated graphite anodes. M'malo mwake, zitsulo za lithiamu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati anode, zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu za anode. Mabatire amphamvu okhala ndi mphamvu zochulukirapo (> 350Wh/kg) ndi moyo wautali (> 5000 cycle), komanso ntchito zapadera (monga kusinthasintha) ndi zofunikira zina.

Mabatire atsopanowa akuphatikizapo mabatire olimba, mabatire a lithiamu, ndi mabatire achitsulo. Mabatire atatu olimba ali ndi zabwino zake. Ma polima electrolyte ndi organic electrolytes, ndi oxides ndi sulfide ndi inorganic ceramic electrolytes.

Kuyang'ana makampani opanga mabatire olimba padziko lonse lapansi, pali zoyambira, komanso pali opanga mayiko. Makampani ali okha mu dongosolo la electrolyte ndi zikhulupiriro zosiyanasiyana, ndipo palibe mayendedwe aukadaulo kapena kuphatikiza. Pakalipano, njira zina zamakono zili pafupi ndi zochitika za mafakitale, ndipo msewu wopita ku automation ya mabatire olimba-state wakhala ukuchitika.

Makampani aku Europe ndi America amakonda machitidwe a polima ndi oxide. Kampani yaku France ya Bolloré idatsogola pakugulitsa mabatire olimba a polima. Mu Disembala 2011, magalimoto ake amagetsi oyendetsedwa ndi mabatire a 30kwh olimba-state polima + ma capacitor amagetsi awiri osanjikiza adalowa pamsika wamagalimoto omwe adagawana nawo, yomwe inali nthawi yoyamba padziko lapansi. Mabatire olimba amalonda a EVs.

Sakti3, wopanga mafilimu olimba a oxide solid-state battery, adapezedwa ndi chimphona cha British home appliance Dyson mu 2015. kupanga kwa nthawi yayitali.

Dongosolo la Maxwell la mabatire olimba-boma ndikulowa mumsika wa batire yaying'ono poyamba, kuwapanga misa mu 2020, ndikuwagwiritsa ntchito posungira mphamvu mu 2022. Chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito malonda mwachangu, Maxwell atha kuganiza zoyesa semi- mabatire olimba pakanthawi kochepa. Komabe, mabatire a semi-solid ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'malo ofunikira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito zazikulu zikhale zovuta.

Zogulitsa zopanda mafilimu a oxide zili ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri ndipo pakali pano zimadziwika pakukula. Taiwan Huineng ndi Jiangsu Qingdao ndi osewera odziwika bwino panjirayi.

Makampani aku Japan ndi aku Korea akudzipereka kwambiri pakuthana ndi mavuto azachuma amtundu wa sulfide. Makampani oyimilira monga Toyota ndi Samsung afulumizitsa kutumizidwa kwawo. Mabatire a sulfide solid-state (mabatire a lithiamu-sulfure) ali ndi kuthekera kokulirapo chifukwa chakuchulukira mphamvu kwawo komanso kutsika mtengo. Pakati pawo, luso la Toyota ndilopamwamba kwambiri. Idatulutsa mabatire a Demo a ampere-level komanso magwiridwe antchito a electrochemical. Nthawi yomweyo, adagwiritsanso ntchito LGPS yokhala ndi kutentha kwachipinda chapamwamba monga electrolyte kukonzekera paketi yayikulu ya batri.

Japan yakhazikitsa pulogalamu yofufuza ndi chitukuko m'dziko lonselo. Mgwirizano wodalirika kwambiri ndi Toyota ndi Panasonic (Toyota ili ndi mainjiniya pafupifupi 300 omwe akutenga nawo gawo popanga mabatire olimba). Inanenanso kuti idzagulitsa mabatire olimba m'zaka zisanu.

Dongosolo la malonda a mabatire amtundu uliwonse opangidwa ndi Toyota ndi NEDO akuyamba ndi kupanga mabatire amtundu uliwonse (mabatire am'badwo woyamba) pogwiritsa ntchito zida za LIB zomwe zilipo komanso zovulaza. Pambuyo pake, Idzagwiritsa ntchito zida zatsopano zabwino ndi zoipa kuti ziwonjezere mphamvu zamagetsi (mabatire am'badwo wotsatira). Toyota ikuyembekezeka kupanga ma prototypes a magalimoto olimba amagetsi mu 2022, ndipo Idzagwiritsa ntchito mabatire olimba mumitundu ina mu 2025. Mu 2030, mphamvu yamagetsi imatha kufika 500Wh / kg kuti ikwaniritse ntchito zopanga misa.

Kuchokera pamalingaliro a zovomerezeka, pakati pa ofunsira 20 ovomerezeka a mabatire a lithiamu olimba, makampani aku Japan adawerengera 11. Toyota idafunsira kwambiri, kufika 1,709, 2.2 nthawi ya Panasonic yachiwiri. Makampani 10 apamwamba onse ndi aku Japan ndi South Korea, kuphatikiza 8 ku Japan ndi 2 ku South Korea.

Kutengera momwe amapangira patent padziko lonse lapansi, Japan, United States, China, South Korea, ndi Europe ndi mayiko kapena zigawo zikuluzikulu. Kuphatikiza pa ntchito zakomweko, Toyota ili ndi chiwerengero chofunikira kwambiri cha ntchito ku United States ndi China, zomwe zimawerengera 14.7% ndi 12.9% yazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito patent, motsatana.

Kupititsa patsogolo kwa mabatire olimba m'dziko langa kulinso kufufuzidwa kosalekeza. Malinga ndi dongosolo njira luso China, mu 2020, Iwo pang'onopang'ono kuzindikira olimba electrolyte, mkulu enieni mphamvu cathode chuma kaphatikizidwe, ndi atatu azithunzithunzi chimango dongosolo lifiyamu aloyi zomangamanga luso. Izindikira 300Wh/kg yamphamvu yaying'ono yopanga batire imodzi. Mu 2025, ukadaulo wowongolera mawonekedwe a batri wokhazikika udzazindikira 400Wh/kg yachitsanzo cha batire limodzi ndi ukadaulo wamagulu. Zikuyembekezeka kuti mabatire olimba-boma ndi mabatire a lithiamu-sulfure atha kupangidwa mochuluka ndikukwezedwa mu 2030.

Mabatire am'badwo wotsatira mu projekiti yopezera ndalama ya IPO ya CATL akuphatikizapo mabatire olimba. Malinga ndi malipoti a NE Times, CATL ikuyembekeza kupanga mabatire olimba kwambiri pofika chaka cha 2025.

Pazonse, ukadaulo wa polima ndi wokhwima kwambiri, ndipo chinthu choyamba cha EV-level chimabadwa. Malingaliro ake ndi kuyang'ana kutsogolo kwachititsa kuti kuwonjezereka kwa ndalama mu kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi ochedwa, koma malire apamwamba a ntchito amalepheretsa kukula, ndipo kuphatikiza ndi ma electrolyte olimba a inorganic kudzakhala njira yothetsera mtsogolo; okosijeni; M'zinthu zakuthupi, chitukuko cha mitundu yopyapyala ya mafilimu imayang'ana pa kukula kwa mphamvu ndi kupanga kwakukulu, ndipo ntchito yonse ya mitundu yopanda mafilimu imakhala yabwino, yomwe imayang'ana pa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko chamakono; sulfide system ndi njira yodalirika kwambiri ya batire ya boma pamagalimoto amagetsi, Koma m'malo osakanikirana ndi malo okulirapo komanso ukadaulo waubwana, kuthetsa nkhani zachitetezo ndi mawonekedwe ndizomwe zimayang'ana m'tsogolo.

Mavuto omwe mabatire olimba amakumana nawo makamaka ndi awa:

• Kuchepetsa ndalama.
• Kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo cha ma electrolyte olimba.
• Kusunga kulumikizana pakati pa maelekitirodi ndi ma electrolyte panthawi yolipira ndi kutulutsa.

Mabatire a lithiamu-sulfure, lithiamu-mpweya, ndi makina ena amayenera kusintha mawonekedwe onse a batri, ndipo pali mavuto ochulukirapo. Ma electrode abwino ndi oipa a mabatire olimba amatha kupitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo lamakono, ndipo vuto la kuzindikira ndilochepa. Monga ukadaulo wa batri wam'badwo wotsatira, mabatire olimba amakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira komanso kachulukidwe kamphamvu ndipo idzakhala njira yokhayo munthawi ya post-lithium.